• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
卢秉林, 车宗贤, 包兴国, 张久东, 曹卫东, 吴科生, 杨蕊菊, 崔恒. 不同氮肥减施量下玉米针叶豌豆间作体系的产量及效益[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(9): 1560-1570. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021075
引用本文: 卢秉林, 车宗贤, 包兴国, 张久东, 曹卫东, 吴科生, 杨蕊菊, 崔恒. 不同氮肥减施量下玉米针叶豌豆间作体系的产量及效益[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(9): 1560-1570. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021075
LU Bing-lin, CHE Zong-xian, BAO Xing-guo, ZHANG Jiu-dong, CAO Wei-dong, WU Ke-sheng, YANG Rui-ju, CUI Heng. Yield and economic benefit of corn/needle leaf pea intercropping system under different nitrogen fertilizer reduction rates[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(9): 1560-1570. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021075
Citation: LU Bing-lin, CHE Zong-xian, BAO Xing-guo, ZHANG Jiu-dong, CAO Wei-dong, WU Ke-sheng, YANG Rui-ju, CUI Heng. Yield and economic benefit of corn/needle leaf pea intercropping system under different nitrogen fertilizer reduction rates[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(9): 1560-1570. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021075

不同氮肥减施量下玉米针叶豌豆间作体系的产量及效益

Yield and economic benefit of corn/needle leaf pea intercropping system under different nitrogen fertilizer reduction rates

  • 摘要:
    目的 通过探讨河西绿洲灌区氮肥减施对玉米针叶豌豆间作体系产量及肥料贡献率的影响,为玉米针叶豌豆间作体系氮素资源高效管理提供理论依据。
    方法 研究基于2011年设置在武威绿洲灌区的玉米间作针叶豌豆长期田间定位试验。不施肥和习惯施肥 (N100) 处理为单作玉米,施用习惯氮肥量95%、90%、85%、80%和0%处理为玉米间作针叶豌豆。调查了2014—2019年玉米针叶豌豆间作体系产量、产量构成要素、经济效益、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥肥料贡献率。
    结果 玉米针叶豌豆间作种植具有明显的增产优势,而且这种增产优势随种植年限的延长呈增加趋势。在85%常规氮肥用量条件下,玉米籽粒产量与N100基本相当,差异不显著,虽然玉米株高和茎粗会受到明显抑制,穗位和穗位比下降明显,但是成穗数、穗粒数和百粒重却无明显变化,同时因为增收了1419 kg/hm2针叶豌豆干草和1637 kg/hm2针叶豌豆籽粒,合计收益增加3813元/hm2,增幅明显,而且氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用率显著提高,氮肥肥料贡献率除2019年显著降低外,其余年份无明显变化。在80%常规氮肥用量条件下,玉米籽粒产量显著降低,降幅达8.77%,但是同样因为可以增收1438 kg/hm2针叶豌豆干草和1569 kg/hm2针叶豌豆籽粒,合计收益增加2098元/hm2,增幅明显,氮肥偏生产力显著提高,增幅达14.04%,氮肥农学利用率无明显变化,但是玉米的成穗数、穗粒数、百粒重、株高、茎粗、穗位、穗长、穗粗、氮肥肥料贡献率等降幅均达到显著水平。
    结论 在河西绿洲灌区,长期进行玉米间作针叶豌豆,在玉米季减少15%的化学氮肥施用量不会造成玉米减产,由于同时收获了针叶豌豆干草和籽粒,整个体系收益提高,氮肥效率显著增加。在玉米季减少20%的化学氮肥施用量虽然会造成玉米减产,氮肥肥料贡献率下降,但是同样因为增收了针叶豌豆干草和籽粒,整个体系收益提高,氮肥偏生产力显著增加。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The potential of nitrogen (N) fertilizer reduction in the corn/needle leaf pea intercropping system was studied in the Hexi oasis irrigation area to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient use of N resources.
    Methods The long-term field experiment of corn/needle leaf pea intercropping was located in the Wuwei oasis irrigation area since 2011. The experimental treatments were no fertilizer application (i.e., control) and conventional N fertilizer application (N100) under the mono-maize system, and corn/needle leaf pea intercropping system with the conventional N fertilizer was applied at 95%, 90%, 85%, 80% and 0% of the conventional rate. The maize and needle leaf pea yield, maize yield components, and the economic benefits of the intercropping system were investigated from 2014 to 2019. The partial productivity of N (PPN), agronomic efficiency of N (AEN), and the N fertilizer contribution rate (FCRN) were calculated.
    Results The corn/needle leaf pea intercropping had obvious yield advantages, and the merit increased with the elongation of experimental years. Compared with N100, the intercropped corn grain yield under 85% N application rate did not change significantly (P > 0.05), although the plant height and stem diameter of corn was inhibited. Spike height to plant height rate decreased; spike number per area, grain number per spike and 100-grain weight had no obvious change. The harvested needle leaf pea hay and grain were 1419 kg/hm2 and 1637 kg/hm2, corresponding to an increased economic benefit of 3813 yuan/hm2. The PPN and AEN (P < 0.05), and the FCRN (P < 0.05) decreased in 2019, but the decrease in other years were not significant. When the N application rate was 80% of the conventional rate, the intercropped corn grain yield (P < 0.05) decreased by 8.77%. However, the harvest of 1438 kg/hm2 needle leaf pea hay and 1569 kg/hm2 needle leaf pea grain in the intercropping system increased the economic benefit of the system by 2098 yuan/hm2. The PPN significantly increased by 14.04%, and the AEN had no obvious change. However, spike number per area, grain number per spike, 100-grain weight, plant height, stem diameter, spike height, spike length, spike diameter, and the FCRN of corn significantly decreased.
    Conclusions Under long-term corn/needle leaf pea intercropping, the highest N reducing potential is 15%, with no decrease in corn yield and the additional harvest of needle leaf pea hay and grain increases the economic benefits. The highest N reducing potential in corn is 20% under intercropping of corn and neddle leaf pea, in which the decreased corn yield and FCRN could be compensated by the harvest of needle leaf pea hay and grain, and the economic benefits of the intercropping system and PPN are significantly increased in the Hexi oasis irrigation area.

     

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