• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
赵丽芳, 袁亮, 张水勤, 赵秉强, 林治安, 熊启中, 李燕婷. 锌与磷肥混合方式对土壤中磷、锌有效性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(9): 1614-1626. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021107
引用本文: 赵丽芳, 袁亮, 张水勤, 赵秉强, 林治安, 熊启中, 李燕婷. 锌与磷肥混合方式对土壤中磷、锌有效性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(9): 1614-1626. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021107
ZHAO Li-fang, YUAN Liang, ZHANG Shui-qin, ZHAO Bing-qiang, LIN Zhi-an, XIONG Qi-zhong, LI Yan-ting. Effects of combining zinc and phosphate fertilizers using different methods on the availability of zinc and phosphorus in soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(9): 1614-1626. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021107
Citation: ZHAO Li-fang, YUAN Liang, ZHANG Shui-qin, ZHAO Bing-qiang, LIN Zhi-an, XIONG Qi-zhong, LI Yan-ting. Effects of combining zinc and phosphate fertilizers using different methods on the availability of zinc and phosphorus in soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(9): 1614-1626. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021107

锌与磷肥混合方式对土壤中磷、锌有效性的影响

Effects of combining zinc and phosphate fertilizers using different methods on the availability of zinc and phosphorus in soil

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究了锌与磷肥分别以物理混合和反应混合的方式结合后施用对土壤中锌、磷有效性的影响,为磷肥与锌肥的科学配施及高效利用提供科学依据。
    方法 将锌肥 (ZnSO4·7H2O) 分别按0.5%和5%的质量比与磷酸氢二钾进行物理混合 (P+Zn) 和反应混合 (PZn) 后,制备含锌磷肥分别为P+Zn0.5、P+Zn5、PZn0.5和PZn5。利用X射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 和核磁共振波谱 (NMR) 分析锌与磷肥以不同方式结合对磷、锌化学结构和形态的影响;利用土壤培养试验,研究锌与磷肥以不同方式结合后施用对土壤有效锌和有效磷含量、土壤碱性磷酸酶活性及土壤pH的影响。试验设置8个处理:1) 不施任何肥料 (CK对照);2) 施用普通磷肥 (P);3)单施ZnSO4·7H2O 0.28 mg/kg (Zn0.5);4) 单施ZnSO4·7H2O 2.81 mg/kg (Zn5);5) 施用含锌磷肥P+Zn0.5 (P+Zn0.5);6) 施用含锌磷肥P+Zn5 (P+Zn5);7) 施用含锌磷肥PZn0.5 (PZn0.5);8) 施用含锌磷肥PZn5 (PZn5)。其中,处理2)、5)、6)、7) 和8) 的磷用量相同,处理3)、5) 和7) 的锌用量相同,处理4)、6) 和8) 的锌用量相同。
    结果 1) 与单施锌肥相比,锌与磷肥以物理混合 (P+Zn) 和反应混合 (PZn) 两种方式结合后施用均可提高土壤有效锌含量,4种含锌磷肥 (P+Zn0.5、P+Zn5、PZn0.5、PZn5) 分别使土壤有效锌含量提高了2.90%、12.17%、24.64%和10.86%,同样含锌量下反应制备的含锌磷肥 (PZn0.5、PZn5) 的效果比物理混合 (P+Zn0.5、P+Zn5) 的显著高出21.13%、7.37%。与PZn5处理相比,PZn0.5处理的土壤锌固定率可降低10.49个百分点。2) 土壤培养60天时,PZn0.5和PZn5处理的土壤有效磷含量较普通磷肥分别提高5.76%和5.70%,P+Zn0.5、PZn0.5和PZn5处理的土壤磷固定率分别降低了3.33、2.74和0.57个百分点。3) 在培养初始期,PZn0.5、PZn5处理可提高土壤碱性磷酸酶活性,以PZn0.5处理的效果好于PZn5处理,培养后期PZn0.5、PZn5处理可降低土壤pH,PZn0.5处理的降幅大于PZn5处理。
    结论 施用物理混合或反应混合制备的含锌磷肥均可减少土壤对锌的固定,由于反应生成的含锌磷肥可降低土壤pH,其减少锌固定的效果优于物理混合,而且还可减少磷在土壤中的固定。以添加0.5%的硫酸锌反应制备的磷肥效果更好。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives We explored Zn and P availability in the soil amended with phosphate fertilizers resulting from Zn's physical and chemical combination. The aim was to choose a suitable Zn and phosphate combination method for high-efficiency utilization of the nutrients.
    Methods Zn sulfate heptahydrate of 0.5 and 5 parts by weight were combined with 99.5 and 95 parts by weight of K2HPO4 through the physical mixture (P+Zn) and chemical reaction (PZn) methods, respectively. Further, four Zn-containing phosphate fertilizers were prepared, P+Zn0.5, P+Zn5, PZn0.5, and PZn5. The composite structure of Zn and P were observed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The change in the soil available Zn and P content was studied using a soil culture experiment. The alkaline phosphatase activity and pH of the fluvo-aquic soil were measured simultaneously.
    Results 1) The combination of Zn and P increased the available Zn content in the soil by 2.90%, 12.17%, 24.64% and 10.86% for P+Zn0.5, P+Zn5, PZn0.5, and PZn5, respectively. PZn0.5 and PZn5 increased soil available Zn content by 21.13% and 7.37% than P+Zn0.5 and P+Zn5. In addition, PZn0.5 reduced Zn fixation rate by 10.49 percentage points than PZn5. 2) Compared with K2HPO4 control, the combination of Zn and P (P < 0.05) increased soil available P content. At 60 days of cultivation, the soil available P content of PZn0.5 and PZn5 were (P < 0.05) higher than P+Zn0.5 and P+Zn5 by 5.76% and 5.70%, respectively. P+Zn0.5, PZn0.5, and PZn5 reduced soil P fixation rates by 1.45, 1.19, and 0.25 percentage points than K2HPO4 control. 3) Compared with K2HPO4 control, P+Zn0.5 and P+Zn5 increased the soil alkaline phosphatase activity at the beginning of cultivation and the effect of PZn0.5 was better than PZn5. 4) PZn0.5 and PZn5 reduced soil pH at the beginning of cultivation. The reduction was more prominent in PZn0.5 than PZn5.
    Conclusions The combination of Zn and phosphate fertilizer by the physical mixing and chemical reaction processes could reduce Zn fixation in the soil, and the products obtained from the chemical reaction method performed better. The chemical reaction between Zn and phosphate fertilizer can also reduce P fixation in the soil, similar to soil pH reduction. Adding 0.5% zinc sulfate heptahydrate to phosphate fertilizer through a chemical reaction is recommended.

     

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