• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
唐心龙, 刘莹, 秦喜彤, 张雨寒, 王腾, 李博, 薛瑞锋, 李济, 李昊, 石武良, 李斌, 李秋祝, 王洪预, 崔金虎, 姜文洙, 曹宁, 张玉斌. 玉米光能利用率和产量对密度、施氮量及其互作的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(10): 1864-1873. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021112
引用本文: 唐心龙, 刘莹, 秦喜彤, 张雨寒, 王腾, 李博, 薛瑞锋, 李济, 李昊, 石武良, 李斌, 李秋祝, 王洪预, 崔金虎, 姜文洙, 曹宁, 张玉斌. 玉米光能利用率和产量对密度、施氮量及其互作的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(10): 1864-1873. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021112
TANG Xin-long, LIU Ying, QIN Xi-tong, ZHANG Yu-han, WANG Teng, LI Bo, XUE Rui-feng, LI Ji, LI Hao, SHI Wu-liang, LI Bin, LI Qiu-zhu, WANG Hong-yu, CUI Jin-hu, JIANG Wen-zhu, CAO Ning, ZHANG Yu-bin. Response of light use efficiency and grain yield of maize to planting density and nitrogen application rate[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(10): 1864-1873. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021112
Citation: TANG Xin-long, LIU Ying, QIN Xi-tong, ZHANG Yu-han, WANG Teng, LI Bo, XUE Rui-feng, LI Ji, LI Hao, SHI Wu-liang, LI Bin, LI Qiu-zhu, WANG Hong-yu, CUI Jin-hu, JIANG Wen-zhu, CAO Ning, ZHANG Yu-bin. Response of light use efficiency and grain yield of maize to planting density and nitrogen application rate[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(10): 1864-1873. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021112

玉米光能利用率和产量对密度、施氮量及其互作的响应

Response of light use efficiency and grain yield of maize to planting density and nitrogen application rate

  • 摘要:
    目的 合理密植和施肥是提高雨养农业区作物产量和肥料利用效率的有效途径。我们研究了半湿润雨养黑土农业区玉米不同种植密度和施氮量及其互作对光能利用率和产量的影响,为进一步挖掘东北玉米产量潜力提供理论依据和数据支撑。
    方法 于2017—2019年以郑单958 (ZD958)为供试品种进行了田间试验。试验采用裂区设计,种植密度为主区,分别为4.5×104株/hm2 (M4.5)、6.0 ×104株/hm2 (M6.0)、7.5 ×104株/hm2 (M7.5)和9.0 ×104株/hm2 (M9.0),施氮量为裂区,分别为N 120 kg/hm2 (N120)、180 kg/hm2 (N180)和240 kg/hm2 (N240),各处理均设3次重复。分析了玉米光能利用率(LUE),玉米地上部干物质累积量、籽粒产量、净光合速率(Pn)和叶面积指数(LAI)等指标。
    结果 年度间玉米产量、干物质量、LAI、净光合速率(Pn)和光能利用率(LUE)差异均达显著水平。2017、2018、2019年玉米的光能利用率(LUE)平均分别为1.58%、1.99%和2.20%。种植密度对玉米产量、干物质量、LAI、光合速率(Pn)和LUE的影响均显著(P<0.05),在密度M7.5处理下,LUE和平均产量最高(2.07%和12219 kg/hm2),在光合辐射较低年份(如2019年)可通过适当增加种植密度来提高玉米的光能利用率(LUE)和产量。施氮量对玉米干物质量和LAI有显著影响(P<0.05),LUE在N180处理下最高,平均为2.0%。密度与施氮量互作对玉米产量、干物质量、LAI、光合速率(Pn)无显著影响,但对LUE影响显著,以M7.5+N240处理LUE平均值最高(2.16%),且密度对光能利用率(LUE)的影响(9.93%)大于施氮量的影响(6.01%)。
    结论 在半湿润雨养黑土农业区,密度、密度与施氮量交互作用均显著影响玉米的光能利用率,密度的影响大于施氮量。适当增密(7.5×104株/hm2)和合理施氮量(N 180~240 kg/hm2)是实现玉米高产的重要措施。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives A rational planting density and judicious use of chemical fertilizer input are effective ways to improve crop yields and fertilizer use efficiency in the rainfed region. We studied the effect of planting densities, N fertilizer application rate, and their interaction on light use efficiency (LUE) and yield, to provide data support for a more efficient use of the light resources.
    Methods Split plot experiments were conducted over three consecutive years (2017−2019) with a maize hybrid cultivar, Zhengdan 958 (ZD958). The main plot was assigned to four planting densities (M4.5, 45000 plants/hm2; M6.0, 60000 plants/hm2; M7.5, 75000 plants/hm2; M9.0, 90000 plants/hm2), and the subplots were occupied by three N application rates (120, 180 and 240 kg/hm2). The maize leaf area index (LAI), Pn, LUE, above ground biomass, and grain yield were determined.
    Results The maize grain yield, dry matter, LAI, Pn, and LUE were significantly influenced over the three years. The average LUE in 2017, 2018, and 2019 was 1.58%, 1.99%, and 2.20%, respectively. The grain yield, biomass, LAI, Pn, and LUE were significantly affected by planting density. The highest average LUE (2.07%) and grain yield (12219 kg/hm2) were obtained under the planting density of 75000 plants/hm2. N application rate also affected biomass and LAI significantly. The highest LUE was 1.87% at the N rate of 180 kg/hm2. There were similar interaction effect of planting density and N rate on grain yield, biomass, LAI, and Pn. However, the highest LUE of 2.16% was recorded under M7.5+N240, and the effect of planting density on LUE was greater than that of N rate, which was 9.93% and 6.01%, respectively.
    Conclusions In semi-humid rainfed agricultural regions, both plant density and the interaction of density and N rate, significantly improved the light use efficiency of maize, and the effect of plant density is greater than N application rate. Therefore, a relatively high planting density (75000 plants/hm2) and N application rate (180 to 240 kg/hm2) are recommended for efficient use of light and optimum maize grain yield.

     

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