• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
杨安, 李燕青, 李壮, 程存刚, 张艳珍, 解斌, 张海棠. 采收前15天施肥利于富士苹果树15N的吸收、分配及贮藏营养的积累[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(10): 1806-1819. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021129
引用本文: 杨安, 李燕青, 李壮, 程存刚, 张艳珍, 解斌, 张海棠. 采收前15天施肥利于富士苹果树15N的吸收、分配及贮藏营养的积累[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(10): 1806-1819. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021129
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YANG An, LI Yan-qing, LI Zhuang, CHENG Cun-gang, ZHANG Yan-zhen, XIE Bin, ZHANG Hai-tang. Applying nitrogen fertilizer at 15 days before harvest is suitable for the absorption and distribution of 15N and accumulation of storage reserves in Fuji apple tree[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(10): 1806-1819. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021129
Citation: YANG An, LI Yan-qing, LI Zhuang, CHENG Cun-gang, ZHANG Yan-zhen, XIE Bin, ZHANG Hai-tang. Applying nitrogen fertilizer at 15 days before harvest is suitable for the absorption and distribution of 15N and accumulation of storage reserves in Fuji apple tree[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(10): 1806-1819. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021129
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采收前15天施肥利于富士苹果树15N的吸收、分配及贮藏营养的积累

Applying nitrogen fertilizer at 15 days before harvest is suitable for the absorption and distribution of 15N and accumulation of storage reserves in Fuji apple tree

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 研究秋施肥时间对富士苹果氮素吸收、分配及树体贮藏营养的影响。
    方法 以4年生烟富3/M26/山定子苹果为试材，采用15N 同位素示踪尿素进行了施用时间盆栽试验。试验设5个施肥时间处理，分别为采收前45天(9月10日)、30天(9月25日)、15天(10月10日)、当天(10月25日)和采收后15天(11月10日)。每株(每盆)施同位素标记尿素5 g (15N丰度10.1%)，普通尿素16.55 g，磷酸二氢钾20 g。12月底在果树完全进入休眠期后对树体进行解剖，测定了各组织15N吸收量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量。
    结果 不同施肥时间对植株各器官的Ndff值影响显著。采收前45、30、15天施肥处理各器官的Ndff值均高于采收当天和采收后15天施肥处理。植株整体15N吸收量及肥料利用率均以采收前15天施肥处理最高。而采收前45、30、15天施肥处理的植株地上部各组织的15N吸收量高于采收当天和采收后15天施肥处理。采收前15天施肥处理侧根15N吸收量显著高于采收后15天施肥处理，植株叶片(落叶)中的可溶性糖含量、分配比例最低，分别为4.62 g和7.46%；采收前15天和采收当天施肥的植株主干木质部可溶性蛋白的分配比例显著高于采收前45天和采收后15天施肥处理，前二者分配比例分别为6.22%和6.09%。侧根可溶性蛋白的分配比例在采收前15天、采收当天、采收后15天施肥处理之间没有显著差异，但均显著高于采收前45天施肥处理。
    结论 从养分吸收及树体贮藏营养综合来看，本地区富士苹果适宜的秋施肥时间为采收前15天左右。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives We studied the nitrogen uptake, distribution and storage of photosynthate in Fuji apples as affected by autumn fertilization time for efficient and nutrient management in apple production.
    Methods Potted 4-year-old Fuji 3/M26/Malus baccata apples were used as materials to conduct a 15N isotope tracing pot experiment. The five fertilization date treatments were at 45 days before harvest (45BH), 30 days before harvest (30BH), 15 days before harvest (15BH), the harvest day (HD), and 15 days after harvest (15AH). The fertilizer rate for all the five treatments was 5 g of isotopes urea (15N abundance 10.1%), 16.55 g of common urea and 20 g of monopotassium phosphate. The trees were dissected when the fruit trees had completely entered dormancy, and the 15N uptake, soluble sugar and soluble protein contents of each tissue were determined.
    Results The Ndff values of fruit, annual branches, perennial branches, main stem, and intermediate rootstock of the plant were significantly affected by fertilization date. Ndff values of all organs in 45BH, 30BH and 15BH treatment were higher than HD and 15AH treatment. The plant 15N uptake and fertilizer utilization were significantly different among the five treatments, with 15BH treatment eliciting the highest overall plant 15N uptake and fertilizer utilization. The uptake of 15N in the aboveground tissues were higher in 45BH, 30BH treatment than in HD and 15AH treatment. The 15N uptake by lateral roots in 15 BH treatment was significantly higher than in 15AH treatment. The soluble sugar content (4.62 g) and distribution ratio (7.46%) in fallen leaves were the lowest in 15BH treatment. The distribution ratio of soluble protein in xylem of trunk in 15BH and HD treatment, which were 6.22% and 6.09%, respectively, were significantly higher than in 45BH, 15AH treatments. The distribution ratio of soluble protein in lateral roots in 15BH treatment was significantly higher than that in 45BH.
    Conclusions From a comprehensive view of nutrient uptake and photosynthate storage in apple trees, the appropriate date for autumn fertilization of Fuji apple in this region is around 15 days before harvest.

     

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