• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
林洪鑫, 袁展汽, 张志华, 肖运萍, 汪瑞清, 吕丰娟. 摘叶对不同株型木薯品种产量和氮磷钾素积累分配的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(10): 1829-1848. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021130
引用本文: 林洪鑫, 袁展汽, 张志华, 肖运萍, 汪瑞清, 吕丰娟. 摘叶对不同株型木薯品种产量和氮磷钾素积累分配的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(10): 1829-1848. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021130
LIN Hong-xin, YUAN Zhan-qi, ZHANG Zhi-hua, XIAO Yun-ping, WANG Rui-qing, LÜ Feng-juan. Effects of foliage removal on tuber yield and NPK accumulation and distribution in different cassava types and cultivars[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(10): 1829-1848. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021130
Citation: LIN Hong-xin, YUAN Zhan-qi, ZHANG Zhi-hua, XIAO Yun-ping, WANG Rui-qing, LÜ Feng-juan. Effects of foliage removal on tuber yield and NPK accumulation and distribution in different cassava types and cultivars[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(10): 1829-1848. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021130

摘叶对不同株型木薯品种产量和氮磷钾素积累分配的影响

Effects of foliage removal on tuber yield and NPK accumulation and distribution in different cassava types and cultivars

  • 摘要:
    目的 叶片是作物进行光合作用的重要器官,与物质生产、养分吸收和产量形成有密切关系。研究留叶数对木薯养分积累和产量的影响,以期为木薯高产栽培和氮磷钾养分高效利用提供理论依据。
    方法 采用裂区设计,以株型、品种、留叶数分别为主区、裂区和再裂区。试验以紧凑型品种‘华南205’(SC205)、‘桂热4号’(GR4)和伞型品种‘华南12号’(SC12)、‘华南15号’(SC15)为材料,设计12个留叶数处理(9、18、27、36、45、54、63、72、81、90、99和108片),分析了单株摘叶及成熟期单株的氮、磷、钾素积累量。
    结果 随留叶数增多,单株摘叶的氮、磷、钾素积累量随之下降,单株鲜薯产量随之显著增加,成熟期全株和全生育期植株的氮、磷、钾素积累量随之呈显著增加或呈“单峰”或“双峰”趋势。不同品种不同元素的积累规律有差异。紧凑型品种单株摘叶的氮素积累量较伞型品种降低了4.56%,而磷、钾素积累量较伞型品种分别提高了10.23%、10.00%。紧凑型品种成熟期全株的氮、磷、钾素积累量较伞型品种分别提高了31.00%、42.48%和50.92%。在成熟期,留叶数增多,在块根和叶片中的氮、磷、钾素分配率随之提高,而在茎秆中的氮、磷、钾素分配率随之下降,氮、磷、钾素收获指数随之呈增加或“单峰”或“双峰”趋势。紧凑型品种氮、磷、钾素收获指数高于伞型品种,两株型分别为0.48、0.63、0.58和0.42、0.60、0.55。随着留叶数增多,成熟期全株的氮、磷、钾素分配率随之提高,而单株摘叶的氮、磷、钾素分配率随之下降。紧凑型品种在成熟期全株中的氮、磷、钾素分配率较伞型品种分别提高了7.33、5.45和4.36个百分点。
    结论 木薯留叶数越多,摘叶的数量和干物质量越少。随着留叶数增加,木薯产量随之增加,成熟期全株的养分积累量和块根、叶片的养分分配率随之提高。木薯摘叶后,叶片光合产物优先满足地上部生长。在本试验条件下,块根膨大期适宜的留叶数为81~90片,有利于确保木薯产量和养分积累利用。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Leaf number is closely related to dry matter production, nutrient absorption and yield formation. We studied the effect of foliage removal on the nutrient accumulation and yield of cassava, to achieve high-yield and efficient use of N, P, K nutrition.
    Methods A split-split plot experiment was conducted in Jiangxi Province. The main plots were two cassava types (compact and umbrella), subplots were two cassava cultivars for each plant type (SC205 and GR4 for compact type and SC12、SC15 for umbrella type), and the sub-sub plots were the remaining leaf number (9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90, 99 and 108 leaves). The dry matter and N, P, K accumulation in plucked leaves and plants at the matured stage of the crop were analyzed.
    Results With the increase of the remaining leaves, the N, P, K accumulation in plucked leaves decreased, while the fresh tuber yield increased significantly, and the total N, P, K accumulation at the matured stage and those throughout whole growth period increased significantly, showing a “single peak” or "double peak". The nutrient accumulation varied among cassava cultivars. N accumulation in compact cultivars was 4.56% lower than that of umbrella type cultivars, while the P and K accumulation of compact cultivars were 10.23% and 10.00% higher than those of umbrella type cultivars. The N, P, K accumulation in mature plant of compact type cultivars were 31.00%, 42.48% and 50.92% higher than those of umbrella type cultivars, respectively. At the matured stage, the cassava with the more leaves had higher N, P, K distribution in tuber and leaves, but lower in stems, while the N, P, K harvest index had a “single peak” or “double peak” pattern. The harvest indexes of N, P, K of compact cultivars were higher than those of umbrella type cultivars with 0.48, 0.63, 0.58 and 0.42, 0.60, 0.55, respectively. With the increase in remaining leaf number, more N, P, K were remained in mature plants. The residual N, P and K percentage points in the mature plant of compact cultivars were 7.33, 5.45 and 4.36 higher than those in umbrella type cultivars, respectively.
    Conclusions The more leaves of cassava remained the less the plucked leaf number and the lower of dry matter in them. A high leaf number of cassava plant increased the tuber yield and the N, P, K accumulation at maturity as well as nutrients distribution rate in tuber and leaf. The suitable remaining leaf number was 81–90 pieces at tuberous root expansion stage, which proved beneficial for a high yield, nutrient accumulation and utilization in cassava.

     

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