• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
马龙, 高伟, 栾好安, 唐继伟, 李明悦, 黄绍文. 有机肥/秸秆替代化肥模式对设施菜田土壤氮循环功能基因丰度的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(10): 1767-1778. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021136
引用本文: 马龙, 高伟, 栾好安, 唐继伟, 李明悦, 黄绍文. 有机肥/秸秆替代化肥模式对设施菜田土壤氮循环功能基因丰度的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(10): 1767-1778. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021136
MA Long, GAO Wei, LUAN Hao-an, TANG Ji-wei, LI Ming-yue, HUANG Shao-wen. Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with manure and/or straw on the abundance of functional genes related to soil N-cycling[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(10): 1767-1778. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021136
Citation: MA Long, GAO Wei, LUAN Hao-an, TANG Ji-wei, LI Ming-yue, HUANG Shao-wen. Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with manure and/or straw on the abundance of functional genes related to soil N-cycling[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(10): 1767-1778. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021136

有机肥/秸秆替代化肥模式对设施菜田土壤氮循环功能基因丰度的影响

Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with manure and/or straw on the abundance of functional genes related to soil N-cycling

  • 摘要:
    目的 利用天津市农业科学院西青区基地日光温室的蔬菜有机肥/秸秆替代化肥模式定位试验,分析不同施肥模式下设施春茬番茄盛果期土壤氮循环功能基因丰度、硝化潜势(PNR)及N2O排放量的差异,为设施菜田可持续健康发展提供科学依据。
    方法 定位试验始于2009年,共设置来源于化肥(CF)、有机肥(M)和玉米秸秆(S)不同比例的6个等氮磷钾处理,分别为:4/4CF、3/4CF+1/4M、2/4CF+2/4M、1/4CF+3/4M、2/4CF+1/4M+1/4S、2/4CF+2/4S。在第20茬设施蔬菜(春茬番茄盛果期)采集0—20 cm土壤样品,测定土壤氮循环相关指标。
    结果 1)含有机肥/秸秆处理土壤的PNR较4/4CF处理平均增加72.9%,其中仅配施有机肥3个处理平均增加了107.0%,而配施秸秆两个处理显著低于含有机肥的2/4CF+2/4M、1/4CF+3/4M处理。 2)与4/4CF处理相比,有机肥/秸秆替代处理土壤反硝化过程功能基因NapABNirS、NorBNosZ丰度平均分别增加了19.9%、20.4%、19.1%、2.3%,硝酸盐异化还原成铵过程功能基因NirB丰度平均增加了25.9%,而土壤硝化过程功能基因AmoA、AmoB、AmoCHao,以及硝酸盐异化还原成铵过程功能基因NrfH丰度平均分别降低了37.9%、46.3%、33.8%、65.5%、8.8%。3)与4/4CF处理相比,有机肥/秸秆替代处理土壤0~28 天 N2O累计排放量平均增加了59.6%。4) Spearman相关性分析表明,土壤PNR与土壤有机碳(r = 0.37)、铵态氮(r = 0.47)、土壤N2O累计排放量(r = 0.56)以及反硝化过程功能基因NapAB (r = 0.78)、NirK (r = 0.21)和NorB (r = 0.53)呈显著正相关关系,与土壤pH (r = –0.40)呈显著负相关关系;土壤N2O累计排放量与土壤有机碳(r = 0.90)、全氮(r = 0.83)、硝态氮(r = 0.83)、铵态氮(r =0.64)及反硝化过程功能基因NapAB (r = 0.67)、NirK (r = 0.49)、NirS (r = 0.36)和NorB (r = 0.88)呈显著正相关关系,与土壤pH (r = –0.52)和硝化过程功能基因AmoA (r = –0.62)、AmoB (r = –0.64)、AmoC (r = –0.71)和Hao (r = –0.77)呈显著负相关关系。冗余分析显示,土壤硝态氮(P = 0.01)、铵态氮(P = 0.03)和有机碳(P = 0.05)对土壤氮循环功能微生物影响显著,分别解释其群落结构变异的34.0%,13.3%和11.3%。
    结论 同等氮磷钾养分投入量下,有机肥/秸秆替代部分化肥,尤其是配施1/4有机肥及1/4秸秆模式(2/4CF+1/4M+1/4S)可显著降低土壤硝化过程功能基因丰度,增加反硝化、硝酸盐异化功能基因丰度,促进番茄盛果期的氮素吸收,减少可能向下淋洗的氮量。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives This study analyzed the abundance of functional genes related to soil N cycling, potential nitrification rate (PNR) and N2O emission fluxes under different fertilization patterns to provide a scientific basis for the efficient use of organic materials in greenhouse vegetable production.
    Methods We conducted a greenhouse vegetable fertilization experiment on a fixed-site located in Xiqing District, Tianjin City. This experiment started in 2009. There were six treatments with equal NPK rate but different chemical fertilizer (CF) ratio, pig manure (M), and maize straw (S) in the local field experiment. The treatments were 4/4CF, 3/4CF+1/4M, 2/4CF+2/4M, 1/4CF+3/4M, 2/4CF+1/4M+1/4S, and 2/4CF+2/4S. Soil samples were collected at 0–20 cm depth at the full-fruit stage of spring tomato (the 20th vegetable season) to analyse indicators related to soil N cycling.
    Results 1) Compared with 4/4CF, the other treatments increased soil PNR by an average of 72.9%; the M-amended treatments increased PNR by 107.0%. The S-amended treatments (P<0.05) decreased soil PNR compared to 2/4CF+2/4M and 1/4CF+3/4M. 2) Compared with 4/4CF, functional genes abundance in organic-amended soils increased by 19.9%, 20.4%, 19.1%, and 2.3% for NapAB, NirS, NorB, and NosZ (denitrification genes), and by 25.9% for NirB (dissimilatory nitrate reduction gene). The abundance of AmoA, AmoB, AmoC, Hao (nitrification genes), and NrfH (dissimilatory nitrate reduction genes) decreased by 37.9%, 46.3%, 33.8%, 65.5%, and 8.8%, respectively. 3) N2O cumulative emission fluxes during 0 to 28 days increased by 59.6% compared with 4/4CF treatment. 4) The correlation coefficient (r-value) of PNR was 0.37 for soil organic C, 0.47 for ammonium N, 0.56 for N2O cumulative emission fluxes, 0.78 for NapAB, 0.21 for NirK, 0.53 for NorB, and –0.40 for pH. Moreover, the correlation coefficient (r-value) of soil N2O cumulative emission fluxes was 0.90 for soil organic C, 0.83 for total N and nitrate N, 0.64 for ammonium N, 0.67 for NapAB, 0.49 for NirK, 0.36 for NirS, 0.88 for NorB, –0.52 for pH, –0.62 for AmoA, –0.64 for AmoB, –0.71 for AmoC, and –0.77 for Hao. The redundancy analysis revealed that soil nitrate-N (P = 0.01), ammonium-N (P = 0.03), and organic C (P = 0.05) had strong effects on soil N cycling functional microorganisms, explaining 34.0%, 13.3%, and 11.3% of the variation in the community structure, respectively.
    Conclusions Partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic materials, especially replacing 2/4 chemical fertilizer with 1/4 pig manure and 1/4 maize straw, could significantly decrease the abundance of nitrification genes and simultaneously increase denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction genes. This potentially improves tomato N absorption and reduces the amount of N that may be leached downward.

     

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