• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
朱启东, 鲁艳红, 廖育林, 高雅洁, 谢雪, 孙玉桃, 曹卫东, 聂军. 翻压紫云英对双季稻产量、镉吸收及转运的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(11): 1949-1958. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021222
引用本文: 朱启东, 鲁艳红, 廖育林, 高雅洁, 谢雪, 孙玉桃, 曹卫东, 聂军. 翻压紫云英对双季稻产量、镉吸收及转运的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(11): 1949-1958. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021222
ZHU Qi-dong, LU Yan-hong, LIAO Yu-lin, GAO Ya-jie, XIE Xue, SUN Yu-tao, CAO Wei-dong, NIE Jun. Effects of milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) on yield, cadmium absorption and translocation of double-cropping rice[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(11): 1949-1958. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021222
Citation: ZHU Qi-dong, LU Yan-hong, LIAO Yu-lin, GAO Ya-jie, XIE Xue, SUN Yu-tao, CAO Wei-dong, NIE Jun. Effects of milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) on yield, cadmium absorption and translocation of double-cropping rice[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(11): 1949-1958. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021222

翻压紫云英对双季稻产量、镉吸收及转运的影响

Effects of milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) on yield, cadmium absorption and translocation of double-cropping rice

  • 摘要:
    目的 探讨紫云英在水稻生产中的增产降镉(Cd)效应以及降Cd的生理机制。
    方法 5年田间微区定位试验设4个处理:不施任何肥料(CK)、翻压紫云英(GM)、单施化肥(F)和紫云英翻压配施化肥(F+GM),翻压紫云英的处理冬闲田种植紫云英,作为绿肥在早稻插秧前翻压还田。在双季稻分蘖期、灌浆期和成熟期采集水稻植株样品,分为根、茎叶、籽粒3个部分,测定其Cd含量。
    结果 1)与CK相比,F+GM与F处理5年水稻产量显著增加,GM处理从2017年起增产显著;与F处理相比,F+GM处理5年水稻均增产,其中2016与2020年显著增产。2)翻压紫云英对水稻同一部位在不同时期的降Cd效应不同。早稻GM处理根Cd含量在分蘖期、灌浆期和成熟期均显著低于CK,晚稻则无显著差异;早稻的GM处理茎叶Cd含量在灌浆期显著低于CK,晚稻的无显著差异;早稻的GM处理籽粒Cd含量在灌浆期和成熟期均显著低于CK(分别降低85.7%和57.6%),晚稻的无显著差异。早稻的F+GM处理根Cd含量在分蘖期、灌浆期和成熟期均显著低于F处理,晚稻的则无显著差异;早稻的F+GM处理茎叶Cd含量在分蘖期显著低于F处理,晚稻的无显著差异。3)翻压紫云英下水稻不同时期Cd转运有差异。早稻分蘖期F+GM处理的根–茎叶Cd转运系数显著高于CK与F处理,成熟期GM处理的茎叶–籽粒Cd转运系数显著低于CK,降幅为52.2%;晚稻则无显著差异。4)F+GM和GM处理根与籽粒Cd累积量均较低,其根部累积量显著低于F处理;GM处理早稻籽粒Cd累积量显著低于F处理;而F+GM晚稻茎叶Cd累积量则显著高于CK。F+GM与GM处理籽粒Cd分配比例低于CK与F处理,F+GM处理的茎叶Cd分配比例高于F处理,GM处理的茎叶Cd分配比例高于CK。5)早稻各处理的土壤总Cd含量差异不显著,晚稻则表现为GM处理显著低于CK。早稻的GM与F+GM处理土壤有效Cd含量显著低于CK,晚稻的则无显著差异。
    结论 翻压紫云英可增加水稻产量,同时具有较好的降Cd效应。翻压紫云英的降Cd生理机制为:一是可降低土壤有效Cd含量,从而降低水稻Cd含量;二是可降低茎叶–籽粒间的Cd转运系数,减弱向籽粒的转运能力,降低水稻籽粒中Cd的累积,进而生产出Cd含量低于国家安全限量的稻米。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives We assessed the effects of milk vetch on rice yield, mitigation of cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice, and the physiological mechanism underlying Cd mitigation.
    Methods A 5-year field micro-compartment experiment was conducted. The experimental treatments were fertilizer–free (CK), milk vetch (GM), chemical fertilizer (F), and milk vetch with chemical fertilizer (F+GM). The milk vetch was returned to the field as winter planting green manure. Rice plant material was sampled at tillering, filling and maturity stage of double-cropping rice. Cd content in root, stem and leaf, and grain were analyzed. The pH, total Cd and available Cd content in 0–20 cm soil layer were analyzed after rice harvest.
    Results 1) Compared with CK, the rice yield of F+GM and F treatment increased significantly, GM treatment increased significantly from 2017. Compared with F, the rice yield of F+GM treatment increased, especially in 2016 and 2020. 2) The Cd reduction effects of returning milk vetch on the same part of rice at different stages were different. The Cd content of early rice root of GM treatment was significantly lower than CK in tillering, filling and maturity stage, but there was no significant difference in late rice. The Cd content in stem and leaf of early rice GM treatment was significantly lower than CK at grain filling stage, but there was no significant difference in late rice. The content of Cd in grain of early rice, GM treatment was significantly lower than that of CK at grain filling and maturity stage (decreased by 85.7% and 57.6% respectively), and there was no significant difference in late rice. The Cd content of root in early rice, F+GM treatment was significantly lower than F at tillering, filling and maturity stage, but there was no significant difference in late rice. The Cd content in stem and leaf of early rice F+GM treatment was significantly lower than that of F at tillering stage, but there was no significant difference in late rice. 3) There were differences in Cd transport in rice at different stages under the return milk vetch. In early rice, the root-stem leaf Cd transport coefficient of F+GM treatment was significantly higher than F and CK at tillering stage. The stem and leaf-grain Cd transport coefficient of GM treatment was significantly lower than CK at maturity, with a decrease of 52.2%. There was no significant difference in late rice. 4) The accumulation of Cd in the roots of F+GM and GM treatments was significantly lower than that of F; the Cd accumulation of early rice grains in GM treatment was significantly lower than that of F; and the Cd accumulation of stems and leaves of F+GM late rice was significantly higher than that of CK. The distribution ratio of Cd in the grains of F+GM and GM is lower than that of CK and F, the distribution ratio of Cd in stems and leaves of F+GM is higher than that of F, and the distribution ratio of Cd in stems and leaves of GM is higher than that of CK. 5) There was no significant difference in soil total Cd content among early rice, while GM treatment was significantly lower than CK in late rice. Compared with CK, the soil available Cd of early rice of GM and F+GM was decreased significantly, and no significant difference in late rice.
    Conclusions Returning milk vetch to soil proved to be effective in increasing rice yield and decreasing Cd content in rice. The two reasons for the positive effects of the milk vetch were: (1) the decreased availability of soil Cd reduced Cd absorption by rice; and (2) the reduced transport coefficient of Cd from stems and leaves to grains at maturing stage made the rice Cd content lower than the safety limit recommended by the National standard.

     

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