• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
孙嘉璘, 侯振安. 磷对盐碱胁迫下棉花离子平衡及相关调控基因的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(4): 643-653. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021324
引用本文: 孙嘉璘, 侯振安. 磷对盐碱胁迫下棉花离子平衡及相关调控基因的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(4): 643-653. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021324
SUN Jia-lin, HOU Zhen-an. Effect of phosphorus on ionic balance and expression of related regulatory genes of cotton under salt and alkali stresses[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(4): 643-653. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021324
Citation: SUN Jia-lin, HOU Zhen-an. Effect of phosphorus on ionic balance and expression of related regulatory genes of cotton under salt and alkali stresses[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(4): 643-653. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021324

磷对盐碱胁迫下棉花离子平衡及相关调控基因的影响

Effect of phosphorus on ionic balance and expression of related regulatory genes of cotton under salt and alkali stresses

  • 摘要:
    目的 盐胁迫是影响棉花生长的主要非生物胁迫之一,合理施肥促进盐胁迫下作物对养分离子的吸收,是提高作物耐盐性的重要途径。研究施磷随盐胁迫下棉花离子组的响应特征及Na+转运相关基因表达的变化,探讨磷对棉花耐盐性机制。
    方法 采用盆栽试验,设置盐胁迫(NaCl)和碱胁迫(NaHCO3+Na2CO3) 2个逆境处理,每个逆境下设3个磷喷施浓度:0 (P0)、0.5% (P0.5)、0.75% (P0.75),喷施时间为三叶期。待棉花出苗后60天,取样测定棉花生物量、根长、根表面积,测定叶片质膜相对透性、丙二醛含量,分析根、茎、叶离子含量,测定叶片中Na+转运调控相关基因GhSOS1、Na+区隔基因GhNHX1、K+运转基因GhAKT1和液泡膜质子转运焦磷酸酶基因GhVP1的相对表达量。
    结果 盐胁迫下,P0.5和P0.75处理棉花的相对生物量较P0处理分别增加了23.8%和34.7%,碱胁迫下分别增加了17.3%和21.1%。盐胁迫下,P0.75处理棉花根长和根表面积较P0处理分别提高74.6%和49.4%,但碱胁迫下喷施磷对棉花根长无显著影响。喷施磷能显著降低叶片质膜相对透性和丙二醛含量,且缓解盐胁迫的效果好于碱胁迫。盐和碱胁迫下,喷施磷均能显著降低棉花叶片中Na含量,增加P、Cu、Zn、Si含量,但盐胁迫下Na含量降低幅度及Cu、Si含量增加幅度大于碱胁迫。盐胁迫下喷施磷仅施根系中Na含量显著降低,Ca、Zn、P、Fe含量显著增加,其他离子含量变化不显著;碱胁迫下喷施磷使根系中Mn、S、Na、N含量显著降低,K、P、Fe含量显著增加,其他离子含量均变化不显著。且在盐和碱胁迫下,棉花各器官中的K/Na随磷素水平的提高均显著提高。盐和碱胁迫下,喷施磷显著提高了GhSOS1GhNHX1GhAKT1GhVP1 基因的相对表达量,这可能对棉花叶片中Na+的外排和区隔化,以及液泡膜H+转运焦磷酸酶的合成产生促进作用,并且在碱胁迫下,可能会大幅度促进K+转运,其效果明显大于盐胁迫。
    结论 叶片喷施磷可以促进盐胁迫下棉花生长,上调Na+转运调控相关基因表达,降低叶片Na含量,促进养分离子的吸收和转运,维持离子稳态,进而提高棉花耐盐性,但对碱胁迫的缓解作用较小。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting the growth of cotton in Xinjiang, and proper fertilization for efficient uptake of nutrient ions under salt stress is an important way to improve salt tolerance in crops. We studied effect of phosphorus on cotton salinity tolerance via the ionome response characteristics and the expression of Na+ transport-related genes.
    Methods A cotton pot experiment was conducted, and the stress treatments were prepared by adding NaCl and NaHCO3 + Na2CO3 as salt and base stress treatments, respectively. Under each stress condition, cotton plants were sprayed with 0 (P0), 0.5% (P0.5) and 0.75% (P0.75) of phosphorus fertilizer at three-leaf-stage while the cotton in normal soil was sprayed with water (control). Cotton growth (biomass, root length, root surface area) and physiological indicators of adversity (relative permeability of the plasma membrane, malondialdehyde) were measured to study the effects of phosphorus on salinity tolerance in cotton. The ion content of cotton organs (roots, stems and leaves) was analyzed to elucidate the response characteristics of the cotton ionome. The relative expression levels of GhSOS1 (Na+ transport regulation related gene), GhNHX1 (Na+ compartmental gene), GhAKT1 (K+ transport gene) and GhVP1 (H+-translocating pyrophosphatases gene) in leaves were determined.
    Results Compared with P0, P0.5 and P0.75 treatments increased relative biomass of cotton by 23.8% and 34.7% under salt stress, and by 17.3% and 21.1% under alkali stress. Compared with P0 treatment, P0.75 treatment increased cotton root length and root surface area by 74.6% and 49.4% under salt stress, respectively. However, spraying P had no significant effect on cotton root length under alkali stress. The relative permeability of plasma membrane and the content of malondialdehyde in cotton leaves were significantly reduced by spraying phosphorus, and the effect of alleviating salt stress was greater than that of alkaline stress. Under salt and alkali stress, however, the decrease of Na content and the increase of Cu and Si content under salt stress were greater than those under alkali stress. In cotton roots, only Na content was significantly reduced by spraying phosphorus under salt stress, while the content of Ca, Zn, P, and Fe significantly increased, and the content of other ions did not change under salt and alkali stress. K/Na in various organs of cotton increased significantly with the increase of phosphorus levels. This indicated that the ion group of cotton leaves changed in a similar trend under different saline stresses, but the promotion effect of salt stress on ion root uptake in cotton was greater than that of alkali stress. Under salt and alkali stresses, the application of phosphorus significantly increased the relative expression of GhSOS1, GhNHX1, GhAKT1 and GhVP1, which may promote Na+ efflux and compartmentalization in cotton leaves, and the synthesis of tonoplast H+-transport pyrophosphatase. Under alkaline stress, it may greatly poromote K+ transport, which was significantly greater than that under salt stress.
    Conclusions Phosphorus spray on leaves can promote the growth of cotton under salt stress, up-regulate the expression of genes related to Na+ transport regulation, reduce leaf Na content, promote nutrient ion uptake and transport, maintain ion homeostasis, and thus improve salt tolerance in cotton. However, it has less alleviating effect on alkali stress.

     

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