• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
李再兴, 马骏, 武肖莎, 黄亚丽, 秦学, 滕志楠, 赵凯, 张凡. 接种高温嗜热菌剂加快牛粪秸秆堆肥发酵进程[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(5): 953-960. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021465
引用本文: 李再兴, 马骏, 武肖莎, 黄亚丽, 秦学, 滕志楠, 赵凯, 张凡. 接种高温嗜热菌剂加快牛粪秸秆堆肥发酵进程[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(5): 953-960. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021465
LI Zai-xing, MA Jun, WU Xiao-sha, HUANG Ya-li, QIN Xue, TENG Zhi-nan, ZHAO Kai, ZHANG Fan. Inoculating thermophilic agent accelerates composting of cow manure and corn straw[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(5): 953-960. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021465
Citation: LI Zai-xing, MA Jun, WU Xiao-sha, HUANG Ya-li, QIN Xue, TENG Zhi-nan, ZHAO Kai, ZHANG Fan. Inoculating thermophilic agent accelerates composting of cow manure and corn straw[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(5): 953-960. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021465

接种高温嗜热菌剂加快牛粪秸秆堆肥发酵进程

Inoculating thermophilic agent accelerates composting of cow manure and corn straw

  • 摘要:
    目的 探究添加高温嗜热菌剂对牛粪堆肥的发酵效率、木质纤维素降解和堆肥品质的影响。
    方法 以牛粪和玉米秸秆为原料进行堆肥。添加嗜热菌剂处理(GLL)的菌剂主要由普通高温放线菌(Thermoactinomyces vulgaris)、地尿素芽孢杆菌(Ureibacillus terrenus)和嗜热脱氮芽孢杆菌(Geobacillus thermodenitrificans)组成,以分别添加两个市售有机肥发酵菌剂的处理(A、B)为对照,同时设不接种菌剂的空白对照(CK),发酵试验为期30天。在堆肥第0、3、7、12、16、23、30天取样,烘干样用于测定堆肥木质纤维素含量,鲜样用于测定含水率、pH、电导率(EC)值、种子发芽率指数(GI)和细菌群落结构。
    结果 GLL处理在堆肥第2天迅速升温至超高温期(85.8℃),超高温期持续5天;CK、A和B处理在堆肥第3天内进入高温期(分别为56.3℃、59.2℃和57.6℃),高温期分别持续了10、11和13天。接种GLL显著降低了堆肥水分含量,堆肥结束时含水量下降至34.3%,而CK、A和B处理的含水量分别下降至45.4%、43.8%和44.6%,未能满足产品水分标准。GLL处理半纤维素、纤维素和木质素在堆肥后比初始值分别下降81.6%、65.2%和53.7%,对木质纤维素的降解能力明显高于CK、A和B处理。在GLL处理堆肥高温期及超高温期,厚壁菌门细菌相对丰度增加到46.6%。接种GLL菌剂发酵后的堆肥产物的有机质、总养分、机械杂质质量分数及酸碱度、GI值等均满足NY/T 525—2021的要求。
    结论 接种高温嗜热菌剂能够显著提高堆肥温度,延长高温期持续时间,实现超高温堆肥,降低水分含量,提高木质纤维素的降解效果,快速获得满足NY/T 525—2021要求的堆肥产品。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The aim was to study the effects of adding thermophilic agents on the fermentation efficiency, lignocellulose degradation and compost quality during the composting of cow manure.
    Methods The fermentation was conducted using cow manure and corn stalks as raw materials. Testing thermophilic agents (GLL) were mainly composed of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Ureibacillus terrenus and Geobacillus thermodenitrificans, and two commercially available agents A, B for organic fertilizer fermentation set as controls while setting a blank control (CK) without inoculating agent, and the fermentation test is 30 days. The samples were obtained on 0, 3, 7, 12, 16, 23, 30 days in composting, dry samples were used for determination of lignocellulose content in composting, and fresh samples were used to determine moisture content, pH, EC value, seed germination index (GI), and bacterial community structures.
    Results The GLL treatment quickly warmed up to the hyperthermophilic period (85.8℃) within the composting for 2 days, and this period lasted for 5 days; the CK, A, B treatments entered the thermophilic period (56.3℃, 59.2℃, 57.6℃) of composting on the composting for 3 days, and this period respectively lasted for 10, 11, 13 days. The inoculation of GLL significantly reduced the moisture content of the compost to 34.3% at the end of the composting, and the CK, A, B treatments dropped to 45.4%, 43.8%, 44.6%, which did not meet moisture standard of the product. The content of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin in the GLL treatment decreased by 81.6%, 65.2% and 53.7% respectively compared to the initial value after composting, and the degradation capacity of lignocellulose significantly exceeded that of CK, A, and B treatments. During thermophilic even hyperthermophilic periods of composting, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the bacteria increased to 46.6% in GLL treatment. The indicators of the compost i.e., the mass fraction of organic matter, total nutrients and mechanical impurities, pH and GI values, all met the requirements of NY/T 525—2021 after the hyperthermophilic fermentation by inoculating GLL agent.
    Conclusions Inoculating thermophilic agents can significantly increase the temperature during the composting, extend the duration of the thermophilic period, achieve hyperthermophilic composting, reduce the moisture content, and improve the degradation effect of lignocellulose, and quickly obtain the compost that meets the requirements of NY/T 525—2021.

     

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