• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
李健铭, 闫芳芳, 李志宏, 张云贵, 王鹏, 熊维亮, 李君, 艾栋, 张美娟, 刘青丽. 高量水稻秸秆和油枯配施提高攀枝花地区植烟效益和土壤碳汇功能[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(12): 2287-2298. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021547
引用本文: 李健铭, 闫芳芳, 李志宏, 张云贵, 王鹏, 熊维亮, 李君, 艾栋, 张美娟, 刘青丽. 高量水稻秸秆和油枯配施提高攀枝花地区植烟效益和土壤碳汇功能[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(12): 2287-2298. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021547
LI Jian-ming, YAN Fang-fang, LI Zhi-hong, ZHANG Yun-gui, WANG Peng, XIONG Wei-liang, LI Jun, AI Dong, ZHANG Mei-juan, LIU Qing-li. Combined application of high amount of rice straw and oil cake enhances tobacco productivity and soil carbon sink function in Panzhihua area[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(12): 2287-2298. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021547
Citation: LI Jian-ming, YAN Fang-fang, LI Zhi-hong, ZHANG Yun-gui, WANG Peng, XIONG Wei-liang, LI Jun, AI Dong, ZHANG Mei-juan, LIU Qing-li. Combined application of high amount of rice straw and oil cake enhances tobacco productivity and soil carbon sink function in Panzhihua area[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(12): 2287-2298. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021547

高量水稻秸秆和油枯配施提高攀枝花地区植烟效益和土壤碳汇功能

Combined application of high amount of rice straw and oil cake enhances tobacco productivity and soil carbon sink function in Panzhihua area

  • 摘要:
    目的 通过研究不同有机肥不同施用方式对土壤碳平衡的当季效应及后效,探讨提升攀枝花地区植烟土壤碳汇功能的方法。
    方法 2017—2019年在四川省攀枝花市开展了3个田间试验,供试作物为烤烟。在相同氮磷钾化肥投入量下,设置了5 个有机肥处理:不施有机肥对照(T1)、水稻秸秆 (T2)、羊粪 (T3)、油枯(油菜籽,T4)、羊粪+油枯 (T5)。2017年采用穴施,2008年采用穴施但加倍投入有机肥量,2019年有机肥与2018年同等用量但采用了穴施加条施的方法。在烤烟生育期,测定了土壤呼吸速率,烤烟收获后,测定了烤烟根系碳还田量。
    结果 施肥和移栽会使土壤呼吸排放速率迅速提升,并在短期内迅速降低。排除施肥和移栽的影响,土壤呼吸强度在整个生育期有小幅度波动,于烤烟移栽后第70天达到峰值后逐渐降低。2017、2018、2019年各处理烤烟生长季土壤CO2的平均排放速率分别在27.92~97.77、11.36~145.82和28.46~166.82 CO2 mg/(h·m2),生长季土壤CO2排放总量分别为1079~1775、1577~2037和1441~3285 kg/hm2。2017、2018、2019年有机肥处理较对照烤烟根系碳还田量均无显著差异;2017年4个有机肥处理的土壤碳损失量在2018年没有继续显示出差异。常规施用量下(2017年),T1、T2和T4处理的土壤碳平衡表现为亏缺,T3和T5处理的土壤碳由于烤烟根系碳还田量高,略有盈余。在提高有机肥用量情况下(2019年),除T1外,4个处理的土壤碳投入量相差较多,为T2>T5>T3>T4,但碳损失量T2、T3和T5处理相当,均显著大于T4处理;碳盈余量为T2>T3≈T5>T4。路径分析结果表明,有机肥碳投入量是影响土壤碳平衡和土壤呼吸的主要因素。与T1处理相比,T3、T4和T5处理显著提高了烤烟产量和产值,以T4处理产值最高,2017与2018年分别达12930和19598元/hm2
    结论 影响土壤碳平衡的主要因素是有机肥碳投入量。不施有机肥导致土壤碳净亏损,施用低量水稻秸秆和油枯也导致土壤碳亏损,土壤表现为碳源。施用高量有机肥可极大提高土壤碳盈余量,土壤表现为碳汇。相比羊粪和油枯,水稻秸秆提高土壤碳汇功能的效果最佳;施用油枯提高烤烟产量和产值的效果最佳。因此,在供试地区,可考虑提高现有有机肥的投入量,以水稻秸秆和油枯配施实现提升土壤碳汇功能和烤烟生产效益。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives We studied the seasonal and residual effects of different organic fertilizers on soil carbon balance to improve the carbon sink function of tobacco planting soil in Panzhihua area.
    Methods In 2017, 2018 and 2019, three field experiments were conducted in Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province. Flue-cured tobacco was used as the test crop. Under a blanket NPK fertilizer input, five organic fertilizers were tested: no organic fertilizer control (T1), rice straw (T2), sheep manure (T3), oil cake (rapeseed dregs, T4), sheep manure + oil cake (T5). In 2017, hole application was used. In the following year, hole application was used but the amount of organic fertilizer was doubled. In 2019, the amount of organic fertilizer was the same as that in 2018, but the method of hole application and strip application were adopted. During the growth period of flue-cured tobacco, the soil respiration rate was measured, and after the harvest of the tobacco, the amount of carbon returned to field through flue-cured tobacco roots was measured.
    Results Fertilization and transplanting increased the rate of soil respiration and emissions rapidly, and then subsequently decreased rapidly in the short term. Excluding the effects of fertilization and transplanting, soil respiration intensity fluctuated slightly throughout the growth period, attaining the peak value on the 70th day after transplanting and gradually decreased. During the growth season of flue-cured tobacco, the average CO2 emission rate in 2017 to 2019 were in the range of 27.92–97.77, 11.36–145.82 and 28.46–166.82 CO2 mg/(h·m2), and the total CO2 emission were 1079–1775, 1577–2037 and 1441–3285 kg/hm2. There was no significant difference in amount of carbon return to field by root between organic fertilizer treatment and control flue-cured tobacco in 2017, 2018, 2019. Soil carbon loss from the four organic fertilizer treatments in 2017 did not differ in 2018. Under conventional application rate (2017), the soil carbon balance of T1, T2, and T4 was deficient, and the soil carbon balance of T3 and T5 was slightly surplus due to the high amount of flue-cured tobacco root carbon returned to the field. Under increased amount of organic fertilizer (2019), except T1, the soil carbon input of the four treatments were in the order T2>T5>T3>T4, but the carbon loss of T2, T3, and T5 were similar, which was significantly greater than that of T4. The carbon surplus was T2>T3≈T5>T4. Path analysis showed that organic fertilizer carbon input was the main factor affecting soil carbon balance and soil respiration. Compared with T1, T3, T4 and T5 treatments significantly increased flue-cured tobacco yield and productivity, and T4 had the highest productivity, reaching 12930 yuan/hm2 and 19598 yuan/hm2 in 2017 and 2018, respectively.
    Conclusions Organic fertilizer carbon input is the major driver of soil carbon balance. No application of organic fertilizer resulted in net soil carbon deficit, and the application of low amount of rice straw and oil cake also resulted in soil carbon deficit, thus the soil was carbon source. While high organic carbon input led to carbon surplus, the soil was carbon sink. Compared with sheep manure and oil cake, rice straw performs satisfactory in increasing the soil carbon sink function. Oil cake has advantages over other organic fertilizer in promoting the growth and yield, and the output value of flue-cured tobacco. Therefore, the combination of rice straw and oil cake is prospective for achieving high production efficiency and soil carbon sink function in the tested area.

     

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