• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
黄正, 张琪, 周宁宁, 阿什日轨, 冯婷煜, 马鹏, 周林, 张荣萍. 油菜季施磷结合秸秆还田提高油菜–水稻轮作体系的产量和磷肥利用率[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(8): 1409-1420. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021637
引用本文: 黄正, 张琪, 周宁宁, 阿什日轨, 冯婷煜, 马鹏, 周林, 张荣萍. 油菜季施磷结合秸秆还田提高油菜–水稻轮作体系的产量和磷肥利用率[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(8): 1409-1420. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021637
HUANG Zheng, ZHANG Qi, ZHOU Ning-ning, ASHEN Ri-gui, FENG Ting-yu, MA Peng, ZHOU Lin, ZHANG Rong-ping. Phosphorus application and straw incorporation increase yield and phosphorus utilization in a rape-rice rotation system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(8): 1409-1420. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021637
Citation: HUANG Zheng, ZHANG Qi, ZHOU Ning-ning, ASHEN Ri-gui, FENG Ting-yu, MA Peng, ZHOU Lin, ZHANG Rong-ping. Phosphorus application and straw incorporation increase yield and phosphorus utilization in a rape-rice rotation system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(8): 1409-1420. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021637

油菜季施磷结合秸秆还田提高油菜–水稻轮作体系的产量和磷肥利用率

Phosphorus application and straw incorporation increase yield and phosphorus utilization in a rape-rice rotation system

  • 摘要:
    目的 探究秸秆还田和减磷处理对油–稻轮作周年物质生产和磷素利用的影响。
    方法 田间试验在四川绵阳进行,种植制度为油菜–水稻复种。设置秸秆不还田(T1)和秸秆还田(T2)两种模式,4个施磷模式:油–稻两季均不施磷(P1)、油菜施P2O5 120 kg/hm2–水稻季施P2O5 90 kg/hm2 (P2)、油菜季施P2O5 120 kg/hm2–水稻季不施磷(P3)、油菜季不施磷–水稻季施P2O5 90 kg /hm2 (P4)。分析了油菜、水稻及周年干物质积累、产量以及磷素利用。
    结果 施磷显著提高了油–稻轮作周年产量、干物质积累量和吸磷量。与P2相比,P3提高了油–稻两季干物质积累量、花后茎叶干物质转出量和吸磷量,其油–稻周年的产量、干物质积累量和吸磷量分别提高10.14%~27.65%、8.39%~9.71%、1.86%~5.65%;而P4处理较P2处理提高水稻季干物质积累量、花后茎叶干物质转运量和水稻产量,但降低了油菜季干物质积累量和油–稻两季的吸磷量,其周年产量增加4.47%~14.88%,但周年干物质量和吸磷量分别降低3.03%~10.07%、14.27%~22.76%。在磷肥利用方面,P3、P4较P2周年磷肥吸收利用率分别增加92.70%、51.72%。秸秆还田提高油菜–水稻周年的产量、干物质积累量、吸磷量。
    结论 油菜–水稻轮作体系下,将全年磷肥用量降低至P5O2 120 kg/hm2且全部施在油菜上,不仅满足油菜对磷肥的需求,而且水稻对油菜秸秆还田带来的磷素营养的吸收利用显著高于磷肥,进而显著促进了油菜–水稻体系的周年磷素吸收和利用,提高干物质积累和转运,实现轮作体系的高产高效。相反,仅在水稻季施磷肥,无论是否水稻秸秆还田,都难以满足油菜的磷素营养,降低轮作体系的周年产量和磷肥效率。因此,在油–稻轮作体系,采用油菜季施磷120 kg/hm2,配合秸秆还田是实现减磷并稳产高效的组合技术。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives We assessed the appropriate combination of straw incorporation and phosphorus application for the efficient production and phosphorus utilization in a rape-rice rotation system.
    Methods Field experiment was conducted for two years in Mianyang, Sichuan Province, under the rape-rice rotation system. The treatments were: P application with straw returning (T2) and without straw returning (T1), no P application in both rape–rice seasons (P1), application of 120 kg/hm2 P2O5 on rape and 90 kg/hm2 P2O5 on rice (P2), application of 120 kg/hm2 P2O5 only on rape (P3), and application of 90 kg/hm2 P2O5 only on rice (P4). At heading and maturing stage of rape and rice, plant samples were collected for the analysis of dry matter accumulation (DM), yield and P content.
    Results Among the four treatments, P3 recorded the highest yield, DM and P uptake of rape, two rice cultivars and the rotation system. Compared with P2, P3 increased the yield, DM, post-flowering dry matter transfer and P uptake of rape and rice in two seasons by 10.14%–27.65%, 8.39%–9.71%, and 1.86%–5.65% respectively. Compared with the P2 treatment, P4 treatment increased the DM, post-flowering transport amount and yield of rice, but decreased the DM of rape and P absorption and the rotation system. Compared with P2, P3 increased the apparent P fertilizer efficiency of the system by 92.70%, while P4 did not exhibit significantly higher P efficiency. Under the same P treatment, straw returning improved the yield, DM and P uptake of rape, rice and rotation system and increased the translocation of DM and P accumulated before flowering stage of rape and rice than T1.
    Conclusions In rape-rice rotation system, applying P on rape could satisfy the P nutrition for rape season, the P returned to field by rape straw could be absorbed and used more efficiently by the following rice than P fertilizer, thereby increasing the P use efficiency, dry matter production and translocation, and yield of the rotation system. On the contrary, application of P only in rice season, no matter rice straw returning to field or not, does not provide enough P for rape, and decreases the yield and P efficiency of the system. Therefore, application of P on rape combined with straw incorporation is the best P application mode.

     

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