• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
葛选良, 杨恒山, 张雨珊, 张瑞富, 刘晶, 李维敏, 刘欣博. 浅埋滴灌下不同施氮量对玉米产量和花后氮代谢的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(9): 1603-1613. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022050
引用本文: 葛选良, 杨恒山, 张雨珊, 张瑞富, 刘晶, 李维敏, 刘欣博. 浅埋滴灌下不同施氮量对玉米产量和花后氮代谢的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(9): 1603-1613. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022050
GE Xuan-liang, YANG Heng-shan, ZHANG Yu-shan, ZHANG Rui-fu, LIU Jing, LI Wei-min, LIU Xin-bo. Effects of nitrogen application rate on maize yield and nitrogen metabolism after anthesis under shallow buried drip irrigation[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(9): 1603-1613. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022050
Citation: GE Xuan-liang, YANG Heng-shan, ZHANG Yu-shan, ZHANG Rui-fu, LIU Jing, LI Wei-min, LIU Xin-bo. Effects of nitrogen application rate on maize yield and nitrogen metabolism after anthesis under shallow buried drip irrigation[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(9): 1603-1613. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022050

浅埋滴灌下不同施氮量对玉米产量和花后氮代谢的影响

Effects of nitrogen application rate on maize yield and nitrogen metabolism after anthesis under shallow buried drip irrigation

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究浅埋滴灌下不同施氮量对玉米产量和花后氮代谢的影响,为西辽河平原玉米丰产与氮素资源高效管理提供理论依据。
    方法 玉米浅埋滴灌水肥一体化定位试验在内蒙古自治区通辽市科尔沁区农业高新科技示范区连续进行了3年。设置N 0、150、210和300 kg/hm2 4个处理,分别记为N0、N150、N210和N300。完熟期测定玉米植株氮含量、干物质积累量和产量及产量构成因素,开花期至成熟期定期取样测定氮代谢相关酶活性、光合氮素利用效率和非结构性碳水化合物含量。
    结果 N300处理与N210处理3年玉米产量差异不显著,但显著高于N150处理;N300、N210处理玉米穗粒数、千粒重无显著差异,但均显著高于N150处理,穗粒数较N150处理分别提高15.70%、10.85%,千粒重分别提高了9.78%、5.82%。N210处理氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率、氮肥生理利用率和氮素吸收效率均高于N300处理,3年平均较N300处理分别提高37.01%、29.84%、10.10%和28.89%。N300处理花后氮素积累量高于N210处理,但二者转运量差异均不显著。N300处理与N210处理花后氮代谢酶活性、光合氮素利用效率和非结构性碳水化合物含量的差异均不显著,且二者均显著高于N150处理,其中氮代谢酶活性和光合氮素利用效率的差异在花后10天开始显现,非结构性碳水化合物含量差异的显著变化则在花后30天开始。
    结论 西辽河平原灌区玉米浅埋滴灌水氮一体化条件下,施氮210~300 kg/hm2增加了植株氮素吸收转运,提高了氮素利用效率,增强了花后氮代谢酶活性和保持了花后氮素光合生产能力,进而促进产量提高。施氮量210 kg/hm2与300 kg/hm2之间没有显著产量差异,但前者氮肥利用效率显著增加,因此,施氮量210 kg/hm2是较为经济合理的施氮量。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The effects of different nitrogen (N) application rates on maize yield and nitrogen metabolism after anthesis under shallow buried drip irrigation were studied.
    Methods A three-year field experiment of water and fertilizer integration was carried out in Horqin agricultural high technology demonstration zone, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The test material was maize, and drip irrigation pipes were buried in shallow soil. The study had four N application rates 0, 150, 210 and 300 kg/hm2, and were denoted as N0, N150, N210 and N300, respectively. From anthesis to maturity stage, plant samples were regularly collected for the measurement of the activities of enzymes related to N metabolism, the photosynthetic and N use efficiency, and non-structural carbohydrate content. At maturity, the N content, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components were determined.
    Results The yield of N300 was similar with N210, but significantly higher than that of N150. The grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight in N300 and N210 were significantly higher than N150 treatment, with average increment by 15.70% and 10.85% in grain number per ear , and by 9.78% and 5.82% in 1000-grain weight. The partial productivity, agronomic efficiency, physiological utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, and nitrogen absorption efficiency of N210 were averagely 37.01%, 29.84%, 10.10%, and 28.89% higher than those of N300. The N accumulation after anthesis in N300 was higher than in N210, but the N translocation was similar between N300 and N210. The enzyme activity of N metabolism and photosynthetic N-use efficiency of the three N treatments were not different until 10 days after anthesis, and the non-structural carbohydrate content was not significantly different among the treatments until 30 days after anthesis. N210 and N300 elicited similar enzyme activity of N metabolism, photosynthetic N-use efficiency, and non-structural carbohydrate content after anthesis, but they were both significantly higher than those of N150.
    Conclusions Under the water and nitrogen integration of shallow buried drip irrigation of Xiliaohe plain, the N application rate of 210–300 kg/hm2 could improve the nitrogen absorption and translocation of plant, maize nitrogen use efficiency, enzyme activities related to nitrogen metabolism, yield, and maintain nitrogen photosynthetic production capacity after anthesis. While the aforementioned indices were similar for N rates of 210 kg/hm2 and 300 kg/hm2, the 210 kg/hm2 N rate could be recommended as the economically and environmentally cost effective rate based on its better fertilizer efficiency.

     

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