• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
王潮鑫, 杨春妹, 张木, 沈宏. 海藻多糖–纳米硒的结构及其促进水稻硒累积的机理[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(1): 158-171. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022092
引用本文: 王潮鑫, 杨春妹, 张木, 沈宏. 海藻多糖–纳米硒的结构及其促进水稻硒累积的机理[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(1): 158-171. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022092
WANG Chao-xin, YANG Chun-mei, ZHANG Mu, SHEN Hong. Structure of alginate polysaccharide selenium-nanoparticles and the mechanism of promoting selenium accumulation in rice[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(1): 158-171. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022092
Citation: WANG Chao-xin, YANG Chun-mei, ZHANG Mu, SHEN Hong. Structure of alginate polysaccharide selenium-nanoparticles and the mechanism of promoting selenium accumulation in rice[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(1): 158-171. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022092

海藻多糖–纳米硒的结构及其促进水稻硒累积的机理

Structure of alginate polysaccharide selenium-nanoparticles and the mechanism of promoting selenium accumulation in rice

  • 摘要:
    目的 以海藻提取物和亚硒酸钠为原料,采用抗坏血酸还原法制备了海藻多糖–纳米硒(APS-SeNPs),以期为富硒大米生产提供高效的富硒肥料。
    方法 采用单因素试验和响应面法优化APS-SeNPs的制备工艺;借助傅里叶红外光谱、透射电镜和表面张力仪对APS-SeNPs进行表征。通过开展大田试验,探究0、5、25 mg/L APS-SeNPs叶面喷施对粳稻‘洛稻998’和籼稻‘川香优2号’硒累积的影响。
    结果 1) APS-SeNPs的最佳制备工艺: 硒添加量2800 mg/L,亚硒酸钠与抗坏血酸的摩尔比19∶100,反应温度32℃,时间20 min。APS-SeNPs粒径为38.94 nm,Zeta电位为–52.17 mV。红外分析结果表明,海藻多糖与纳米硒形成了新的Se—O化学键。APS-SeNPs的表面张力为46.23 mN/m,显著低于Na2SeO3。APS-SeNPs在水稻叶片上的持液量为 6.28 mg/cm2,而Na2SeO3只有3.94 mg/cm2。2)田间试验结果表明,随着APS-SeNPs喷施浓度增加,水稻叶片、稻壳和糙米的硒含量增加,各部位硒含量顺序为叶片>稻壳>糙米。与Na2SeO3处理相比,APS-SeNPs处理的糙米硒含量提高了2.2%~34.5%;两种硒源处理的糙米有机硒占糙米总硒比例为70.9%~85.3%,糙米有机硒比例均随叶面喷施硒浓度增加而下降,但值得一提的是,APS-SeNPs处理的稻米有机硒比例比Na2SeO3处理高2.1~7.6个百分点。
    结论 海藻糖与纳米硒的结合显著降低了Na2SeO3溶液的表面张力,喷施后在叶片上的持液量更多,因而提高了水稻硒的吸收,相应地提高了硒在籽粒中的累积量以及籽粒中的有机硒比例。在水稻灌浆期喷施浓度5 mg/L APS-SeNPs的效果最好,喷施后的稻米硒含量达到国家富硒标准(0.04~0.3 mg/kg),是富硒水稻生产的可行措施。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The structure of alginate polysaccharide selenium-nanoparticles (APS-SeNPS) was characterized for explaining its efficiency in promoting Se absorption in rice. The optimum foliar spraying time and content of APS-SeNPS were studied for its efficient application.
    Methods The preparation process of APS-SeNPs was optimized by a single-factor experiment and response-surface methodology. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and surface tensiometer were used to characterize the APS-SeNPs. A field foliar spraying experiment was conducted on rice, with APS-SeNPs concentration of 0, 5 or 25 mg/L, respectively. Se accumulation in japonica rice ‘Luodao 998’ and indica rice ‘Chuanxiangyou 2’ were investigated.
    Results 1) The optimized preparation conditions of APS-SeNPs containing Se 2800 mg/L were as follows: molar ratio of Na2SeO3 to ascorbic acid (Se∶Vc) was 19∶100, reaction temperature 32℃ and reaction time 20 min. The produced particle size of APS-SeNPs was 38.94 nm, and the Zeta potential was −52.17 mV. The Se—O chemical bond was identified in APS-SeNPs by FTIR. The surface tension of APS-SeNPs is 46.23 mN/m, which is significantly lower than that of Na2SeO3. The liquid holding capacity of APS-SeNPs on rice leaves was 6.28 mg/cm2, which was much higher than that of Na2SeO3 (3.94 mg/cm2). 2) Field experiments revealed that Se contents in each organs of the two rice cultivars increased with the increase of spraying Se concentration. The Se content in both the rice cultivars was in order of leaf>rice husk>brown rice. The Se content of brown rice in APS-SeNPs treatment was 2.2%−34.5% higher than that in Na2SeO3 treatments. The organic Se proportion in brown rice treated with two Se sources was 70.9% to 85.3%, and the organic Se proportion in brown rice was decreased with the increase of Se spray concentrations, but the organic Se proportion in brown rice treated with APS-SeNPs was 2.1−7.6 percentage points higher than that treated with Na2SeO3.
    Conclusions In the APS-SeNPs structure, Se—O bond was formed, which decreased the surface tension and lead to higher liquid holding capacity of APS-SeNPs on leaves, which was good for the absorption of Se. Therefore, the accumulation of Se in grain and the proportion of organic Se in grain were increased. Spraying 5 mg/L APS-SeNPs at grain filling stage of rice increases the brown rice Se content to the enrichment standard (0.04−0.3 mg/kg).

     

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