• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
马瑞琦, 常旭虹, 刘阿康, 王德梅, 陶志强, 王艳杰, 杨玉双, 王振林, 赵广才. 减量施氮协同提升强筋小麦产量和品质[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(1): 172-187. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022149
引用本文: 马瑞琦, 常旭虹, 刘阿康, 王德梅, 陶志强, 王艳杰, 杨玉双, 王振林, 赵广才. 减量施氮协同提升强筋小麦产量和品质[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(1): 172-187. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022149
MA Rui-qi, CHANG Xu-hong, LIU A-kang, WANG De-mei, TAO Zhi-qiang, WANG Yan-jie, YANG Yu-shuang, WANG Zhen-lin, ZHAO Guang-cai. Coordinated improvement of yield and quality of strong gluten wheat by reducing exogenous nitrogen application[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(1): 172-187. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022149
Citation: MA Rui-qi, CHANG Xu-hong, LIU A-kang, WANG De-mei, TAO Zhi-qiang, WANG Yan-jie, YANG Yu-shuang, WANG Zhen-lin, ZHAO Guang-cai. Coordinated improvement of yield and quality of strong gluten wheat by reducing exogenous nitrogen application[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(1): 172-187. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022149

减量施氮协同提升强筋小麦产量和品质

Coordinated improvement of yield and quality of strong gluten wheat by reducing exogenous nitrogen application

  • 摘要:
    目的 通过逐年精准缩小施氮量梯度,研究减量施氮对强筋小麦产量及籽粒品质的影响,探明实现产量品质协同稳定的适宜施氮量。
    方法 于2016—2019连续3年以强筋小麦藁优2018、师栾02-1、石优20为试验材料,在0~480 kg/hm2范围内,分年度设计逐年递减的施氮梯度,分别为120、60和30 kg/hm2,研究强筋小麦产量和籽粒品质对减量施氮的响应及最适施氮量。
    结果 在施氮0~240 kg/hm2范围内,增施氮肥可显著提高强筋小麦产量;施氮240~360 kg/hm2范围内,各氮肥处理间小麦产量无显著差异;施氮360~480 kg/hm2范围内小麦产量显著降低。3个年度各施氮处理下均以石优20产量最高。施氮肥0~360 kg/hm2有利于单位面积穗数和穗粒数的提高,不利于千粒重提高,施氮240 kg/hm2可实现产量三因素协调平衡,且氮肥农学效率最高。除容重、硬度外,不同年度间,其他品质指标均随着施氮量增加而提高,其中沉淀值、湿面筋含量和面团稳定时间受氮肥影响较大,对氮肥更为敏感。品种间结果比较表明,师栾02-1的品质总体上较好,其籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、面团稳定时间和面包体积显著高于藁优2018和石优20;此外,氮肥对3个强筋品种主要品质指标的调控效应相近。
    结论 在河北省种植藁优2018施氮270 kg/hm2、师栾02-1和石优20施氮210~240 kg/hm2,即能够满足该品种产量和品质协同改善的需求,保证强筋小麦达到高产优质高效的目的。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Using an annual gradient, the effect of reduced nitrogen application on the yield and grain quality of strong gluten wheat was studied, and the appropriate nitrogen application rate for achieving coordinated stability of yield and quality synergy was determined.
    Methods From 2016 to 2019, the strong-gluten wheat Gaoyou 2018, Shiluan 02-1, and Shiyou 20 were used as test materials, and N application rate of 0−480 kg/hm2, the nitrogen fertilizer dosage gradient was designed to decrease year by year, respectively: 120, 60 and 30 kg/hm2, to study the response of strong gluten wheat yield and grain quality to nitrogen reduction and the optimum nitrogen application rate.
    Results In the range of N application rate of 0−240 kg/hm2, increasing nitrogen fertilizer application significantly improved the yield of strong gluten wheat; however, in the range of 240−360 kg/hm2, nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on wheat yield. In the range of 360−480 kg/hm2, the wheat yield was significantly reduced. The yield of Shiyou 20 was the highest under each nitrogen application in each year. Nitrogen fertilizer resulted in the increase of spike number per area and grain number per ear. Applying N 240 kg/hm2 coordinated the balance of spike number per area, grain number per ear and the 1000-grain weight and achieved the highest nitrogen agronomic efficiency. Except for test weight and hardness, other quality indicators increased with the increase in N application rate in different years. The sedimentation, wet gluten content and stable time were markedly affected by nitrogen fertilizer and were more sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer. The comparison among cultivars showed that the quality of Shiluan 02-1 was generally better, and its grain protein and wet gluten contents, stable time and bread volume were significantly higher than those of Gaoyou 2018 and Shiyou 20. In addition, the regulation effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the main quality indexes of the three strong gluten cultivars were similar.
    Conclusions Planting Gaoyou 2018 with N 270 kg/hm2, Shiluan 02-1 and Shiyou 20 with N 210−240 kg/hm2 in Hebei Province meets the needs of synergistic improvement in yield and quality of the wheat cultivars.

     

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