• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
华一帆, 秦际远, 王洁, 张秀, 初金鹏, 郑飞娜, 于海涛, 贺明荣, 代兴龙. 播种方式与缓控释氮肥一次性基施对冬小麦干物质积累转运和产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(12): 2185-2200. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022175
引用本文: 华一帆, 秦际远, 王洁, 张秀, 初金鹏, 郑飞娜, 于海涛, 贺明荣, 代兴龙. 播种方式与缓控释氮肥一次性基施对冬小麦干物质积累转运和产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(12): 2185-2200. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022175
HUA Yi-fan, QIN Ji-yuan, WANG Jie, ZHANG Xiu, CHU Jin-peng, ZHENG Fei-na, YU Hai-tao, HE Ming-rong, DAI Xing-long. Effects of sowing pattern and one-time application of controlled-release fertilizer on dry matter accumulation, remobilization, and yield of winter wheat[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(12): 2185-2200. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022175
Citation: HUA Yi-fan, QIN Ji-yuan, WANG Jie, ZHANG Xiu, CHU Jin-peng, ZHENG Fei-na, YU Hai-tao, HE Ming-rong, DAI Xing-long. Effects of sowing pattern and one-time application of controlled-release fertilizer on dry matter accumulation, remobilization, and yield of winter wheat[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(12): 2185-2200. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022175

播种方式与缓控释氮肥一次性基施对冬小麦干物质积累转运和产量的影响

Effects of sowing pattern and one-time application of controlled-release fertilizer on dry matter accumulation, remobilization, and yield of winter wheat

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究不同新型缓控释氮肥一次性施用在宽幅播种和常规条播技术下对小麦产量和干物质积累与转运的影响,为小麦生产中缓控释肥的推广应用提供支撑。
    方法 于2020—2021年小麦生育季,以冬小麦品种‘泰农18’和‘太麦198’为试材,在山东省泰安市和潍坊市两试验点开展了大田试验。主区设置播种方式常规条播和宽幅播种,副区设置4个肥料处理:常规分次施肥对照(F1)、稳定性氮肥一次性施用(F2)、腐植酸控释掺混氮肥一次性施用(F3)、树脂包膜氮肥与常规尿素7∶3掺混一次性施用(F4)。调查了小麦群体光合速率、干物质积累与转运、花后氮素吸收、产量及产量构成因素等指标。
    结果 与常规条播相比,宽幅播种小麦单位面积穗数、花后氮素吸收量、花后群体光合速率、群体光合高值持续期、花后干物质生产量分别平均提高48.0×104/hm2、12.4 kg/hm2、7.9 μmol CO2/(m2·s)、5.6天、920.7 kg/hm2,进而产量平均提高了902.6 kg/hm2。小麦花后干物质生产量与群体光合高值持续期、群体光合高值持续期与花后氮素吸收量呈显著线性正相关关系。与F1相比,F2、F3和F4处理的花后氮素吸收量、花后群体光合高值持续期和花后干物质生产量均明显降低,但是宽幅播种下3个处理的小麦花后氮素吸收量和花后群体光合高值持续期的降低量分别为21.8 kg/hm2和2.6天,均小于对应的常规条播,花后干物质生产量的降低量(631.4 kg/hm2)可由其花前干物质向籽粒转运的增加量(551.7 kg/hm2)所弥补,进而产量与常规分次施肥持平。常规条播下,F2、F3和F4处理的小麦花后氮素吸收量和花后群体光合高值持续期降低量较大,分别平均为27.2 kg/hm2和4.5天,导致其花后干物质生产量的降低量过高(1054.8 kg/hm2),未能被其花前干物质向籽粒转运的增加量(540.6 kg/hm2)所弥补,进而产量低于F1处理。3个控释肥料处理之间在所有测定项目上没有显著差异。
    结论 宽幅播种较常规条播可显著提高小麦产量。新型氮肥一次性施用在常规条播下会降低小麦产量,而在宽幅播种由于花前较高的干物质积累和运转量补偿了花后干物质积累量的下降,不会降低小麦产量,3种新型肥料的施用效果没有显著差异。因此,在宽幅播种条件下,可以采用新型氮肥一次基施替代传统的分次施肥,而在常规条播条件下,应慎重考虑采用新型氮肥一次性基施。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives We investigated the effect of one-time basal application of controlled-release fertilizers on the photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation and remobilization of winter wheat, under wide-belt sowing and conventional drilling sowing condition, to provide technical support for the labor-cost effective fertilization in winter wheat.
    Methods In the 2020–2021 growing season, field experiments with split design were carried out in Tai’an and Weifang cities, Shandong Province. Two widely planted cultivars, Tainong 18 and Taimai 198, were selected as the experimental materials. The main plots were conventional drilling sowing and wide-belt sowing; and the subplot was four nitrogen fertilizer treatments: conventional urea with multiple application (F1), and stable urea, humic acid blended controlled release nitrogen fertilizer, and resin coated nitrogen fertilizer, denoted as F2, F3, and F4, respectively, with one-time application as basal fertilizer. The net canopy photosynthesis rate, duration of net high photosynthesis rate of wheat canopy (DNHP), dry matter accumulation before and after anthesis (DMAB, DMAA), and remobilization before anthesis (DMRB), grain yield and yield components were investigated.
    Results Compared with conventional drilling sowing, wide belt sowing increased the spikes per unit area, N uptake post anthesis, net canopy photosynthetic rate post anthesis, DNHP post anthesis and DMAA by 48.0×104/hm2, 12.4 kg/hm2, 7.9 μmol CO2/(m2·s), 5.6 days and 920.7 kg/hm2, respectively, and increased the yield by 902.6 kg/hm2. Under both sowing patterns, the DMAA was positively and linearly correlated with the DNHP post anthesis, and the latter positively and linearly correlated to the N uptake post anthesis. Compared with F1, the N uptake post anthesis and DNHP post anthesis were significantly decreased under F2, F3, and F4, with the decrement ranging from 21.8 kg/hm2 and 2.6 days under wide belt sowing, and 27.2 kg/hm2, and 4.5 days under conventional drilling sowing, respectively. Under wide belt sowing, the relatively lower decrement of DMAA (631.4 kg/hm2) could be compensated by the increment of DMRB (551.7 kg/hm2), while under conventional drilling sowing, a relatively higher reduction of DMAA (1054.8 kg/hm2) could not be remedied by the increase of DMRB (540.6 kg/hm2).
    Conclusions Regardless of fertilization method, wide belt sowing elicited higher winter wheat yield than drilling sowing. The one-time application of three controlled release fertilizers did not decrease winter wheat yield as the compensation for high dry matter accumulation before anthesis under wide belt sowing, not under conventional drilling sowing. Thus, one-time application of controlled-release fertilizers should not be chosen under conventional drilling sowing method.

     

/

返回文章
返回