• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
齐翔鲲, 安思危, 侯楠, 吴凤婕, 王玉凤, 杨克军, 付健. 耕作和秸秆还田方式对半干旱区黑土玉米养分积累分配与产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(12): 2214-2226. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022198
引用本文: 齐翔鲲, 安思危, 侯楠, 吴凤婕, 王玉凤, 杨克军, 付健. 耕作和秸秆还田方式对半干旱区黑土玉米养分积累分配与产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2022, 28(12): 2214-2226. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022198
QI Xiang-kun, AN Si-wei, HOU Nan, WU Feng-jie, WANG Yu-feng, YANG Ke-jun, FU Jian. Effects of tillage and straw returning method on the nutrient accumulation, distribution and yield of maize in black soil of semi-arid region[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(12): 2214-2226. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022198
Citation: QI Xiang-kun, AN Si-wei, HOU Nan, WU Feng-jie, WANG Yu-feng, YANG Ke-jun, FU Jian. Effects of tillage and straw returning method on the nutrient accumulation, distribution and yield of maize in black soil of semi-arid region[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2022, 28(12): 2214-2226. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022198

耕作和秸秆还田方式对半干旱区黑土玉米养分积累分配与产量的影响

Effects of tillage and straw returning method on the nutrient accumulation, distribution and yield of maize in black soil of semi-arid region

  • 摘要:
    目的 黑龙江半干旱区玉米生产长期采用传统旋耕垄作,秸秆资源没有得到有效利用。研究不同耕作和秸秆还田方式对玉米养分积累分配及产量的影响,为实现半干旱区黑土玉米高产稳产田间管理提供理论依据。
    方法 于2019和2020年在黑龙江省肇州县进行玉米田间试验。共设置7个处理:旋耕垄作(Con)、免耕秸秆移除(T1)、免耕秸秆还田(T2)、秸秆深翻+垄作深松(T3)、秸秆深翻+平作深松(T4)、秸秆碎混+垄作(T5)、秸秆碎混+平作(T6)。在玉米关键生育时期取样分析玉米干物质积累量,成熟期取样分析植株养分积累与分配,并测定产量。
    结果 不同耕作和秸秆还田方式对玉米产量影响显著(P<0.01)。与Con相比,T2、T3和T4处理提高了玉米单位面积穗数、穗粒数和产量,以T4处理的效果最佳,增幅分别为15.4%、12.0%、17.7%;与Con相比,T4处理的氮钾积累量分别显著提高24.8%、15.3%,T3显著提高氮素积累量20.4%。所有处理中,T1的玉米氮磷钾养分积累量最低;氮磷钾积累量T2处理较T1分别提高了17.5%、10.7%、5.8%,T4较T6分别提高了18.6%、11.8%、10.6%,T3较T5分别提高了9.9%、1.4%、6.3%。在秸秆深翻还田下,T4与T3处理的养分累积和产量均无显著差异。
    结论 与旋耕垄作处理相比,秋季秸秆深翻还田配合春季苗期深松,无论平作或者垄作,均可显著促进玉米养分的积累,其提升玉米氮磷钾收获指数、干物质转运能力、单位面积穗数、百粒重和产量的效果优于免耕秸秆还田和秸秆碎混还田配合平作或者垄作,是适宜该地区的耕作措施。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective In semi-arid area of Heilongjiang Province, maize production generally use traditional rotary tillage, and straw resources are not recycled properly. We studied different tillage and straw returning methods to increase the nutrient use efficiency and the yield of maize in this area.
    Methods The maize field experiment was carried out in Zhaozhou County, Heilongjiang Province in 2019 and 2020. A total of seven treatments were set, including rotary ridge tillage (Con), no-tillage with straw removal (T1), no-tillage with straw returning (T2), straw returning with deep plowing + ridge tillage with subsoiling (T3), straw returning with deep plowing + flat tillage with subsoiling (T4), straw shredding and returning to field + ridge tillage (T5), straw shredding and returning to field + flat tillage (T6). At the key growing stages, maize plant samples were collected for the determination of biomass and nutrient accumulation, and the yield and yield components were investigated at harvest.
    Results Tillage and straw returning methods significantly affected the yield and nutrient accumulation (P<0.01 ). Compared with Con, T2, T3, T4 all increased the effective panicle number per unit area, grain number per panicle and yield of maize. Among them, T3 exhibited the best effect, with an increase of 15.4%, 12.0% and 17.7%, respectively. Compared with Con, the nitrogen and potassium accumulation of T4 treatment were significantly increased by 24.8% and 15.3%, and the nitrogen accumulation of T3 was significantly increased by 20.4%. Among all treatments, T1 had the lowest N, P and K accumulation in maize, T2 treatment had 17.5%, 10.7% and 5.8% higher N, P and K accumulation than T1; T4 had 18.6%, 11.8% and 10.6% higher N, P and K accumulation than T6; and T3 had 9.9%, 1.4% and 6.3% higher N, P and K accumulation than T5. Under straw returning, T4 had similar nutrient accumulation and yield with T3.
    Conclusions Compared with conventional rotary ridge tillage, straw deep plowing in autumn combined with subsoiling at seedling stage of maize in the coming spring, no matter flat or ridge planting, can significantly promote the NPK accumulation and harvest index, increase the dry matter transport capacity, panicle number per unit area, 100-grain weight and yield of maize. Straw returning to shallow field offset the increase effect.

     

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