• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
张艳慧, 董二伟, 王劲松, 武爱莲, 王媛, 刘秋霞, 姜艳喜, 焦晓燕. 不同株高类型杂交高粱产量、养分吸收及品质对氮肥的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(1): 68-80. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022231
引用本文: 张艳慧, 董二伟, 王劲松, 武爱莲, 王媛, 刘秋霞, 姜艳喜, 焦晓燕. 不同株高类型杂交高粱产量、养分吸收及品质对氮肥的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(1): 68-80. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022231
ZHANG Yan-hui, DONG Er-wei, WANG Jin-song, WU Ai-lian, WANG Yuan, LIU Qiu-xia, JIANG Yan-xi, JIAO Xiao-yan. Responses of yield, nutrient uptake, and quality of hybrid sorghum varieties with different shoot heights to nitrogen fertilizer in China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(1): 68-80. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022231
Citation: ZHANG Yan-hui, DONG Er-wei, WANG Jin-song, WU Ai-lian, WANG Yuan, LIU Qiu-xia, JIANG Yan-xi, JIAO Xiao-yan. Responses of yield, nutrient uptake, and quality of hybrid sorghum varieties with different shoot heights to nitrogen fertilizer in China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(1): 68-80. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022231

不同株高类型杂交高粱产量、养分吸收及品质对氮肥的响应

Responses of yield, nutrient uptake, and quality of hybrid sorghum varieties with different shoot heights to nitrogen fertilizer in China

  • 摘要:
    目的 生产中我国杂交高粱品种株型差异较大。研究不同株高类型高粱产量、品质和养分利用效率对氮肥的响应,为高粱优质高效生产提供理论依据。
    方法 采用田间试验方法,供试作物为我国不同生态区具有代表性的不同年代育成的40个杂交高粱品种。根据株高将40个杂交高粱品种分为矮秆 (<1.3 m)、中秆 (1.3~1.6 m) 和高秆 (>1.6 m),每个品种均设置不施氮 (N0) 和施N 150 kg/hm2 (N150) 两个处理。高粱成熟期调查地上部生物量、产量及产量构成,分析高粱地上部氮磷钾养分吸收量、氮吸收与利用效率,测定籽粒淀粉、蛋白质及单宁含量。
    结果 随株高增加,高粱地上部干物质累积量和籽粒产量明显增加,但对收获指数没有显著影响。施氮显著提高了中秆和高秆高粱品种的产量和穗粒数,但降低了千粒重,而施氮对矮秆品种的产量及其构成没有显著影响。同一氮处理条件下,高秆和中秆品种的籽粒产量、穗粒数及地上部氮累积量没有显著差异。高秆品种的磷、钾累积量最高,矮秆最低,施氮提高了3个株高品种的磷钾累积量,特别是矮秆品种的磷钾累积量。3个株高品种的氮吸收效率相当,为25.5%~30.4%,但高秆和中秆品种籽粒氮利用效率显著高于矮秆品种。株高与高粱籽粒淀粉含量呈正相关,与蛋白质含量呈负相关,与单宁含量无显著相关性。相同氮处理下,高秆和中秆品种籽粒淀粉、蛋白质和单宁含量相当。施氮降低了所有品种籽粒淀粉含量,提高了蛋白质含量,且对矮秆品种的影响大于中秆和高秆品种。
    结论 不同株高类型杂交高粱品种的收获指数和氮吸收效率没有明显差别,高秆和中秆高粱品种具有较高的穗粒数、籽粒产量、淀粉含量及氮利用效率,中秆品种的氮磷钾养分需求量低于高秆品种。施氮降低了籽粒淀粉含量,提高了中秆和高秆品种的穗粒数进而提高产量,但矮秆高粱产量及其构成对氮不敏感。综合考虑产量、肥料利用效率和满足高粱机械化收获对株高的要求,建议生产中优先考虑株高为1.3~1.6 m的杂交高粱品种。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Hybrid sorghum varieties are quite different in height to meeting specific purpose. We studied their yield and nutrient utilization response to nitrogen fertilizer, to provide technical supports for high efficient sorghum production.
    Methods Field experiments were carried out in 2020 and 2021. Forty hybrids were collected across China, and were classified into three groups based on shoot height: short (<1.3 m), moderate (1.3–1.6 m), and tall (>1.6 m) respectively. All varieties were subjected to no N application (N0) and N 150 kg/hm2 (N150) treatment. At harvest, sorghum grain yield, grain number per ear (GPE) and 1000-grain weight (TGW), aboveground biomass were investigated. The contents of NPK in both shoot and grain were determined. Grain starch, protein and tannic content were analyzed as well. The N uptake efficiency and N use efficiency (grain yield/N absorption) were calculated.
    Results Grain yield and aboveground biomass increased significantly with sorghum shoot height; whereas the harvest index did not vary among varieties. Tall and moderate varieties had similar grain yield and GPE. N150 increased GPE whereas decreased TGW of tall and moderate varieties but had no significant effect on those of short varieties. The aboveground N, P, and K accumulations of sorghum increased linearly with shoot height. Tall and moderate varieties had similar N accumulation. The three variety groups had similar N uptake efficiency, 25.5%–30.4%, whereas tall and moderate varieties had significantly higher grain N use efficiency than short varieties. Plant height had significant and positive correlation with grain starch content, but negative correlation with protein content. Compared to N0, N150 decreased starch content but increased protein content, however, tannic content for all the three variety groups was not affected.
    Conclusions The tested hybrid sorghum varieties have similar harvest index and N uptake efficiency. Tall and moderate sorghum varieties have higher grain number per ear, yield, grain starch content and nitrogen grain use efficiency, and are more sensitive than short varieties in response to nitrogen fertilizer. Moderate varieties require lower NPK rate than tall varieties. Comprehensively considering yield and fertilizer efficiency, and the demand of mechanized harvest, hybrid sorghum varieties with shoot height of 1.3–1.6 m are recommended for adoption.

     

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