猪血蛋白水解物对盆栽樱桃番茄生长和品质的影响

王维轩; 金晓; 寇俊彤; 王振业; 孙奉良; 吕昊峰; 梁斌; 李俊良; 周伟伟

doi:10.11674/zwyf.2022291

猪血蛋白水解物对盆栽樱桃番茄生长和品质的影响

Foliar spraying of pig blood-derived protein hydrolysates increases growth and quality of cherry tomato

摘要

摘要:
目的研究外源喷施不同浓度猪血蛋白水解物 (PP)对樱桃番茄植株生长和品质的影响，以期为高产优质樱桃番茄生产提供理论参考。
方法以樱桃番茄品种“盆栽红”为试验材料，采用基质栽培，设置3个PP浓度：0 g/L (CK)、1 g/L (PP1)、2 g/L (PP2)，在开花期进行叶面喷施，整个生育期共喷施6次。樱桃番茄在第三穗果实完全成熟后收获，分析外源PP对樱桃番茄植株生长、光合作用、养分吸收以及果实品质的影响。
结果 PP1和PP2处理不同程度地增加了番茄地上部、根部以及果实中氮、磷、钾含量，显著提高了叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率 (Pn)、蒸腾速率 (Tr)和气孔导度 (Gs)，植株地上部鲜重比CK处理分别增加了18.2%和40.6%，干重分别增加了42.3%和57.4%，且PP2处理的效果好于PP1处理。与CK处理相比，PP2处理番茄的产量、单果重、横径、纵径和硬度分别增加了37.4%、26.6%、16.3%、10.3%和30.8%，并有效改善了果实色泽，提高了樱桃番茄的外观品质。PP2处理有利于樱桃番茄果实中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽的积累，较CK分别增加了24.2%、25.5%、96.6%和30.9%；番茄果实中的总酚、类黄酮和花色素苷含量分别增加18.7%、33.3%和56.2%，DPPH自由基清除能力和铁还原抗氧化能力分别增加了27.7%和29.4%，显著提高了番茄果实的抗氧化活性。
结论外源喷施2 g/L的猪血蛋白水解物能有效改善番茄植株的养分吸收和光合作用，促进植株生长和番茄品质的提升，是一种提高樱桃番茄产量、改善营养和功能性品质的高效有机措施。

Abstract:
Objectives We studied the effects of pig blood-derived protein hydrolysate (PP) on the growth and quality of cherry tomato.
Methods Pot culture method was used in the research, and cherry tomato cultivar “Potted Red” was the test material. PP concentrations of 1 and 2 g/L were used as treatments and distilled water was used as control (CK). During flowering period, PP was foliar sprayed six times with intervals of 7 days. The growth, photosynthesis, and nutritional and antioxidant quality of cherry tomato were analyzed after the third spike of fruit was harvested at full maturity.
Results PP applications increased N, P, and K content in tomato shoot, roots, and fruits; significantly increased chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) of tomato leaves; PP1 and PP2 increased shoot fresh weight by 18.2% and 40.6%, and shoot dry weight by 42.3% and 57.4%, respectively, compared with CK. Compared with CK treatment, PP2 exhibited better effect than PP1. Compared with CK, PP2 treatment significantly increased yield per plant, individual fruit weight, the transverse and longitudinal diameter, and fruit firmness by 37.4%, 26.6%, 16.3%, 10.3%, and 30.8%, respectively, thus effectively improved appearance quality of cherry tomatoes. PP treatments improved the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, ascorbic acid and glutathione in fruits by 24.2%, 25.5%, 96.6%, and 30.9%, respectively, compared with CK. PP2 treatment also significantly promoted the accumulation of total phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content by 18.7%, 33.3% and 56.2%, respectively, and enhanced the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power by 27.7% and 29.4%, respectively, which significantly improved the antioxidant activity of tomato fruits.
Conclusions Foliar application of PP can effectively improve photosynthesis and nutrient content of tomato plants, which in turn promotes plant growth and quality, fruit yield, and nutritional quality of cherry tomatoes.

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