• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
耿国涛, 陆志峰, 张洋洋, 任涛, 肖国滨, 鲁剑巍. 硼肥用量对双低油菜籽产量和品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(5): 924-934. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022470
引用本文: 耿国涛, 陆志峰, 张洋洋, 任涛, 肖国滨, 鲁剑巍. 硼肥用量对双低油菜籽产量和品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(5): 924-934. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022470
GENG Guo-tao, LU Zhi-feng, ZHANG Yang-yang, REN Tao, XIAO Guo-bin, LU Jian-wei. Effects of boron application rate on double-low rapeseed yield and quality[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(5): 924-934. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022470
Citation: GENG Guo-tao, LU Zhi-feng, ZHANG Yang-yang, REN Tao, XIAO Guo-bin, LU Jian-wei. Effects of boron application rate on double-low rapeseed yield and quality[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(5): 924-934. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022470

硼肥用量对双低油菜籽产量和品质的影响

Effects of boron application rate on double-low rapeseed yield and quality

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究施用硼肥提高油菜籽产量、改善油菜籽品质的效果,确定适宜硼肥用量,同时探究油菜产量、品质指标、脂肪酸组分和籽粒硼含量间的相关关系,为直播冬油菜优质高产栽培研究和生产提供理论依据。
    方法 2020—2021年在安徽池州、重庆万州和江西南昌布置了3个硼肥用量田间试验,供试油菜均为双低品种。设置4个硼砂(含B 10%)用量处理,分别为0 (B0)、4.5 (B4.5)、9.0 (B9.0) 和13.5 kg/hm2 (B13.5)。测定了油菜产量、籽粒硼含量、主要品质指标及脂肪酸组分,并分析了各因素之间的相关关系。
    结果 3个试验点产量均在B13.5处理达到最大,硼肥用量超过4.5或9.0 kg/hm2,产量基本不再显著增加。与B0处理相比,施用硼肥在池州、万州和南昌试验点最高可分别增加油菜籽产量296、818和715 kg/hm2,增产率分别达到20.7%、42.6%和38.3%。施硼显著增加了各试验点油菜的单株角果数和每角粒数,其中单株角果数的增幅最高,与B0相比,B4.5、B9.0和B13.5处理分别平均增加20.0%、20.4%和35.0%,每角粒数分别平均增加7.3%、13.1%和11.1%。南昌试验点B13.5处理的收获密度较B0增加了30.5%,万州试验点B9.0处理的千粒重较B0增加了7.4%。与B0相比,施硼显著提高了油菜籽的含油量、油酸和亚麻酸含量,最高增幅分别为10.3%、15.8%和22.7%;降低了亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量,最高降幅分别为19.4%、36.1%和14.1%;蛋白质含量仅南昌试验点显著提高了19.1%,但产油量和蛋白质产量在3个试验点均显著提高,最高增幅分别为53.4%和53.2%。施硼处理芥酸和硫甙均有增加的风险,与B0相比,B4.5处理的芥酸含量增加了19.1%,硫甙含量降低了3.0%,B13.5处理的芥酸和硫甙含量分别增加了57.3%和35.8%。虽然芥酸和硫甙增加显著,依然低于国家规定的双低油菜食用菜籽油和饲用饼粕的限量。施硼显著增加了油菜籽硼含量,且籽粒硼含量随着施硼量的增加而增加,在万州、池州和南昌试验点均是B13.5处理硼含量最高,分别较B0增加了56.9%、26.3%和33.8%。籽粒硼含量与含油量、蛋白质含量、油酸和亚麻酸呈显著正相关关系,与亚油酸和棕榈酸呈显著负相关关系。籽粒硼含量对产量和含油量有较大的直接正作用,籽粒硼含量和含水率是通过增加产量、含油量来间接提高产油量(或蛋白质产量)。
    结论 施硼可以提高双低油菜单株生产力,提高油菜产量,提高籽粒含硼量。较高的硼含量不仅有利于提高含油量,还可以增加油酸和亚麻酸含量,改善油分品质,兼顾提升蛋白质产量,增产提质效果较好。结合考虑籽粒芥酸和硫苷含量,推荐硼肥用量4.5~9.0 kg/hm2

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The main winter oilseed rape production areas in China are generally deficient in boron (B), which seriously affects rapeseed yield and quality. This study analyzed the effects of different borax application rates on the yield and quality of rapeseed.
    Methods Field experiments were conducted in Chizhou of Anhui, Wanzhou of Chongqing, and Nanchang of Jiangxi from 2020 to 2021. The soil in the three experimental sites was B-deficient, and the tested rapeseed cultivars were low in erucic acid and sulfur glycosides. Four borax (B 10%) application rates were set up, including 0, 4.5, 9.0, and 13.5 kg/hm2, and denoted as B0, B4.5, B9.0, and B13.5. The yield, seed boron concentration, main quality indexes, and fatty acid fractions of rapeseed were determined, and the correlations among the factors were analyzed.
    Results Compared with B0, B13.5 recorded the highest yields in Chizhou, Wanzhou, and Nanchang, with 296, 818, and 715 kg/hm2 increase, corresponding to 20.7%, 42.6% and 38.3%, respectively. However, the yields among the three B treatments were not (P>0.05) different. The yield increase was attributed to the increased pod number per plant and the seed number per pod. Compared with B0, B4.5, B9.0, and B13.5 (P<0.05) increased the pod number by 20.0%, 20.4%, and 35.0%; increased seed number per pod by 7.3%, 13.1%, and 11.1%, respectively. B13.5 treatment was recorded 30.5% higher harvest density in Nanchang, and B9.0 treatment was recorded 7.4% higher 1000-seed-weight in Wanzhou. All the B treatments (P<0.05) increased the oil, oleic, and linolenic acid contents in rapeseed, with a maximum increase of 10.3%, 15.8%, and 22.7%, respectively. Similarly, a maximum reduction of 19.4%, 36.1% and 14.1% in linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid contents were recorded. The rapeseed protein content was increased by 19.1% in Nanchang, but the oil and protein yield (P<0.05) increased significantly, reaching a maximum of 53.4% and 53.2%, respectively. B application showed the risk of increasing erucic acid and sulfur glycosides. Compared to B0, B4.5 increased erucic acid and sulfur glycosides by 19.1% and −3.0% on average, while the increase by B13.5 were 57.3% and 35.8%. Nevertheless, the contents were within the designated thresholds by the national standards for edible rapeseed oil and forage cake meal for double-low rapeseed (13.5 kg/hm2). Boron application increased rapeseed B content, with the highest increase of 56.9%, 26.3%, and 33.8% in Wanzhou, Chizhou, and Nanchang, respectively. Rapeseed B content was (P<0.05) positively correlated with oil, protein, oleic, and linolenic acid and negatively correlated with linoleic and palmitic contents. Rapeseed B content indirectly increases the oil or protein yield by increasing yield and oil content.
    Conclusions Boron application effectively enhances the yield of double-low oilseed rape by increasing the plant’s productivity. Further, it improves the quality and quantity of oilseed derived from the plant, which enhances protein yield. Considering the linoleic and palmitic acid risk, the recommended boron application rate is 4.5−9.0 kg/hm2.

     

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