• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
林权, 王舒扬, 范文杰, 徐献刚, 洑香香. 不同类型诱导子促进青钱柳生长与生物活性物质积累的效果及机制[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(5): 961-971. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022487
引用本文: 林权, 王舒扬, 范文杰, 徐献刚, 洑香香. 不同类型诱导子促进青钱柳生长与生物活性物质积累的效果及机制[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(5): 961-971. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022487
LIN Quan, WANG Shu-yang, FAN Wen-jie, XU Xian-gang, FU Xiang-xiang. Mechanism of elicitors in increasing plant biomass and bioactive compound accumulation in Cyclocarya paliurus[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(5): 961-971. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022487
Citation: LIN Quan, WANG Shu-yang, FAN Wen-jie, XU Xian-gang, FU Xiang-xiang. Mechanism of elicitors in increasing plant biomass and bioactive compound accumulation in Cyclocarya paliurus[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(5): 961-971. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022487

不同类型诱导子促进青钱柳生长与生物活性物质积累的效果及机制

Mechanism of elicitors in increasing plant biomass and bioactive compound accumulation in Cyclocarya paliurus

  • 摘要:
    目的 青钱柳是我国重要的药用植物之一,探究不同类型诱导子对青钱柳生长、抗性、药用品质的影响,以期为青钱柳叶用林定向培育提供理论依据。
    方法 以两年生青钱柳苗为试材进行盆栽试验,生物诱导子处理包括真菌诱导子棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum,F)处理、细菌诱导子解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,B)处理,非生物诱导子壳聚糖Chitosan (C)处理,以及生物与非生物诱导子组合FC和BC处理,以等量清水处理为对照(CK)。在青钱柳幼苗定植5个月后进行诱导子处理,处理45天后收获。收获时,测定青钱柳幼苗株高和地径,根、茎、叶生物量,分析叶片中碳、氮、磷含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,以及生物活性物质含量和产量。同时,取栽培基质样品,分析其pH、全氮和有效氮磷含量。
    结果 与对照相比,诱导子处理对青钱柳苗的相对生长率没有显著影响,但都显著提高了青钱柳的叶片生物量(P<0.05),其中F处理的提升效果显著高于其他处理,B、C、FC处理的效果相当,但均显著高于BC处理。5个诱导子处理均显著提高了叶片中SOD活性,提升效果表现为FC>F≈C>BC>B>CK,但只有F与FC处理显著提升了叶片POD活性。不同处理提升叶片中活性物质含量和产量的效应不同,F处理在总黄酮与总多酚的含量与产量中均表现为最高。F、FC、B和BC处理显著提高了叶片总三萜含量,全部处理三萜产量均高于对照。对总黄酮含量的提升效果表现为F处理远大于FC处理,B处理远大于BC处理;F、C处理对总多糖有显著提升效果,且C处理的效果显著高于F处理。青钱柳酸B为青钱柳所特有的三萜类单体,F和B处理的叶片青钱柳酸B含量分别高出对照77.8%和200.0%。施用诱导子影响了栽培基质的化学性质。由于采用叶面喷施方法,壳聚糖对栽培基质的直接影响不显著。F、FC、BC处理显著提高了栽培基质的pH,提高幅度为FC>F>BC (P<0.05);B、BC、F处理提高了基质的有效氮含量,B和BC处理的提升效果又显著高于F;B和BC处理提高基质有效磷含量的效果也最佳,F、FC处理其次。相关性分析表明,叶片氮、磷、总黄酮、总三萜含量与土壤有效氮、磷含量呈显著正相关;叶片总三萜含量与磷含量显著正相关;总多酚与SOD、POD活性呈极显著正相关,与叶片N/P呈极显著负相关;总多糖与SOD活性显著正相关。
    结论 真菌、细菌和壳聚糖类诱导子提高青钱柳叶片产量和品质的效果及机理均不同。真菌类诱导子可提高栽培基质的pH和全氮含量,提高植株抗氧化酶活性,促进青钱柳叶片养分和叶生物活性物质积累。细菌诱导子的促进效果不如真菌,但在提升土壤有效养分含量方面表现最优,在促进生物活性物质积累方面也有一定的效果。壳聚糖对大部分生物活性物质的积累无显著作用,但有利于叶多糖的积累。综合产量和品质指标,木霉菌为青钱柳最适诱导子,应尽量避免生物诱导子与非生物诱导子同时使用。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Cyclocarya paliurus is one of the important herbs in China. In this study, we explored the effects of elicitors on the growth, resistance, and medicinal qualities of C. paliurus to provide a theoretical basis for its efficient cultivation.
    Methods A pot experiment was conducted using 2 years-old container seedlings of C. paliurus. The tested bio-elicitors were fungal elicitor (Trichoderma asperellum, F), bacterial elicitor (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B), and abiotic elicitor chitosan (C), and the combination of biotic and abiotic elicitors (FC and BC), and an equal amount of water control (CK). Upon harvesting of C. paliurus, the plant height and ground diameter, root, stem, and leaf biomass were measured. The leaf C, N, and P contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) activity, and bioactive compound contents were measured. The cultivation substrate samples were taken to analyze the pH, total N, and available N and P contents.
    Results Compared with CK, the elicitors did not (P>0.05) impact the relative growth rate of seedlings but significantly increased the leaf biomass; F exhibited the highest relative growth increase, B, C, and FC had similar but higher effect than BC. The five elicitors (P<0.05) increased leaf SOD activity in the order FC>F≈C>BC>B>CK; only F and FC (P<0.05) stimulated POD activity. The elicitor treatments showed a different effect on the bioactive component and yield of C. paliurus. F demonstrated the highest content and yield of total flavonoids and total polyphenols. Additionally, treatments F, FC, B, and BC significantly increased the total triterpene content in leaves, with all treatments resulting in higher triterpene yields compared to the control. The effect on total flavonoid content was more pronounced in treatment F than in FC, and in treatment B compared to BC. Both F and C treatments significantly influenced the content of total polysaccharides, with the effect of C treatment being notably higher than that of F treatment. Cyclocaric acid B is a unique triterpenoid monomer in C. paliurus, and F and B increased its content by 77.8% and 200%, compared with CK. The application of elicitors changed the chemical properties of cultivation substrates. F and FC elicited (P<0.05) alterations in the pH of the cultivation substrate, whereas B and BC resulted in substrates with 163% and 167% higher available phosphorus and nitrogen contents, respectively, compared to CK. According to the results of the correlation analysis, the leaf N and P contents were positively correlated with the availability of soil nutrients (P<0.05). The total flavonoids in biologically active substances also showed a significant positive correlation with available soil nutrients, while the total triterpenoid was positively correlated with soil available nutrients and leaf P content (P<0.05). Furthermore, the total polyphenols exhibited a positive correlation (P<0.05) with SOD and POD activities, but negative correlation (P<0.01) with leaf N/P ratio. The total polysaccharide content was positively correlated with SOD activity (P<0.05).
    Conclusions The fungal, bacterial, and chitosan elicitors enhanced the leaf yield and quality of C. paliurus efficiently. The fungal elicitor, Trichoderma asperellum, could improve the soil pH and total N, enhance the SOD and POD activity, and stimulate bioactive compound accumulation in C. paliurus leaves. The bacteria elicitor, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, could enhance leaf enzyme activity and bioactive accumulation by improving available soil N and P, which is beneficial for leaf growth. The bacteria elicitor showed a weaker effect than the fungal elicitor in bioactive compound accumulation, while chitosan did not show a satisfactory effect except for the accumulation of leaf polysaccharides. Fungal elicitor is recommended for C. paliurus cultivation.

     

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