• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
杨继芬, 李永梅, 李春培, 芦美, 赵吉霞. 大豆玉米间作提高红壤团聚体中真菌群落结构和多样性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(5): 889-899. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022522
引用本文: 杨继芬, 李永梅, 李春培, 芦美, 赵吉霞. 大豆玉米间作提高红壤团聚体中真菌群落结构和多样性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(5): 889-899. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022522
YANG Ji-fen, LI Yong-mei, LI Chun-pei, LU Mei, ZHAO Ji-xia. Soybean-corn intercropping increases fungal community structure and diversity in red soil aggregates[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(5): 889-899. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022522
Citation: YANG Ji-fen, LI Yong-mei, LI Chun-pei, LU Mei, ZHAO Ji-xia. Soybean-corn intercropping increases fungal community structure and diversity in red soil aggregates[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(5): 889-899. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022522

大豆玉米间作提高红壤团聚体中真菌群落结构和多样性

Soybean-corn intercropping increases fungal community structure and diversity in red soil aggregates

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究间作条件下不同粒径团聚体中真菌群落结构和多样性变化,从微生物学角度探究间作优势的机理。
    方法 长期定位试验位于云南农业大学试验基地,始于2013年。供试玉米品种为乔单6号,大豆品种为滇豆7号,共设置4个处理:大豆玉米间作(MD)、玉米单作(MM)、大豆单作(DD)、裸地(CK)。在2021年8月玉米抽雄期,采集0—20 cm土壤样品,利用湿筛法筛分出2~1 mm、1~0.25 mm、<0.25 mm 3个粒径团聚体,测定各粒径团聚体含量和平均质量直径(MWD),分析各粒径团聚体中有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量。采用高通量测序法,测定3个粒径团聚体中的真菌群落结构特征。
    结果 与CK、DD、MM处理相比,MD处理显著提高了2~1 mm团聚体的含量及MWD,显著提高了2~1 mm团聚体中有机碳含量及1~0.25 mm、<0.25 mm团聚体中碱解氮含量。MD处理提高了2~1 mm和1~0.25 mm团聚体中真菌群落的Chao1指数和OTU数。在2~1 mm和1~0.25 mm团聚体中,MD处理的担子菌门(Basidiomycota)相对丰度较DD分别提高了85.7%和133.3%,较MM处理分别提高了194.1%和69.7%;壶菌门(Chytridiomycotal)相对丰度较MM处理分别提高了20.0%和333.3%。MD处理2~1 mm、1~0.25 mm和<0.25 mm团聚体中毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)相对丰度较MM处理分别提高了68.7%、80.0%和53.2%;2~1 mm团聚体中被孢霉菌门(Mortierellomycota)和被孢霉菌属(Mortierella)的相对丰度较MM处理分别增加了60.0% 和72.4%。PCoA分析显示,真菌群落结构不同粒径间、处理间均存在显著差异(P<0.01)。RDA分析显示土壤有机碳、碱解氮、全氮与α多样性指数显著相关,热图表明团聚体中的担子菌门与土壤全氮、碱解氮、有机碳显著相关。
    结论 土壤有机碳、碱解氮、全氮是改变真菌群落结构和多样性的主要驱动因子。与单作相比,大豆玉米间作促进了大团聚体的形成和稳定,显著提高大团聚体中有机碳含量和微小团聚体中的碱解氮含量,增加了大粒径团聚体中优势菌的相对丰度及多样性。因此,间作模式改变了团聚体的粒径分布,同时伴随着土壤真菌群落和多样性的改变,有利于改善土壤微环境,提升土壤质量,保持土壤健康。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives We studied the fungal community structure and diversity in different soil aggregate particle sizes under intercropping conditions. We aimed to understand the beneficial effect of intercropping from the perspective of microbial properties.
    Methods The long-term positioning experiment started in 2013 and was located at the experimental base of Yunnan Agricultural University. The maize and soybean test cultivars were Qiaodan 6 and Diandou 7. The cropping pattern treatments were soybean and maize intercropping (MD), maize monoculture (MM), soybean monoculture (DD), and fallow (CK). At the maize tasselling stage in 2021, 0−20 cm soil samples were collected, and the wet sieving method was used to screen the soil aggregates into 2−1 mm, 1−0.25 mm, and <0.25 mm particle size groups. The percentage of each aggregate group in the total soil aggregate and their mean weight diameter (MWD) were determined. The organic carbon, total N, and available N, P, and K were analyzed in each group. The fungal community structure was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq Next Generation sequencing.
    Results MD (P<0.05) increased the percentage and MWD in 2−1 mm aggregates, the organic carbon content in 2−1 mm aggregates, anf alkali-hydrolyzed N in 1−0.25 mm and <0.25 mm aggregate. All the DD, MM, and MD treatments increased the Chao1 index and OTU number in 2−1 mm and 1−0.25 mm aggregates than CK. The relative abundance of Basidiomycota in 2−1 mm and 1−0.25 mm aggregates in MD was 85.7% and 133.3% higher than in DD, and 194.1% and 69.7% higher than in MM, respectively. The relevant abundance of Chytridiomycotal in MD was 20.0% and 333.3% higher than in MM, Chaetomium in 2−1 mm, 1−0.25 mm, and <0.25 mm aggregates in MD was 68.7%, 80.0%, and 53.2% higher than in MM, respectively. MD had 60.0% and 72.4% higher relative abundance of Mortierellomycota and Mortierella than MM in 2~1 mm aggregate. PCoA analysis showed that the fungal community significantly differed among particle sizes and planting modes. RDA showed that soil organic carbon, available N, total N, and α-diversity index were significantly correlated. The heatmap analysis showed that basidiomycetes were (P<0.05) correlated with soil total N, alkali-hydrolyzed N, and organic carbon.
    Conclusions Soil organic carbon, total N and alkali-hydrolyzed N are the main drivers of variation in the structure and diversity of the fungal community. Compared with monoculture, intercropping promoted the formation and stability of macroaggregates. It also increased soil organic carbon, available N, dominant fungi and diversity of macroaggregates. Thus, soybean-corn intercropping pattern changes the distribution of aggregates, along with changes in soil fungal community and diversity, which is conducive to improving soil microenvironment, quality, and health.

     

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