• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
郭童鑫, 姚晓华, 吴昆仑, 姚有华. 青稞和豌豆根系形态和养分效率对种植模式和施肥水平的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(6): 1048-1059. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022691
引用本文: 郭童鑫, 姚晓华, 吴昆仑, 姚有华. 青稞和豌豆根系形态和养分效率对种植模式和施肥水平的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29(6): 1048-1059. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022691
GUO Tong-xin, YAO Xiao-hua, WU Kun-lun, YAO You-hua. Root morphology and nutrient efficiency of Tibetan barley and peas in response to planting patterns and fertilization levels[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(6): 1048-1059. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022691
Citation: GUO Tong-xin, YAO Xiao-hua, WU Kun-lun, YAO You-hua. Root morphology and nutrient efficiency of Tibetan barley and peas in response to planting patterns and fertilization levels[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2023, 29(6): 1048-1059. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2022691

青稞和豌豆根系形态和养分效率对种植模式和施肥水平的响应

Root morphology and nutrient efficiency of Tibetan barley and peas in response to planting patterns and fertilization levels

  • 摘要:
    目的 禾豆混作可显著改变作物根系形态,影响作物对养分的吸收利用量,提高系统产量。我们研究了不同施肥水平下单作和混作体系中青稞和豌豆的根系形态与养分利用之间的关系。
    方法 两因素三水平盆栽试验和田间试验在青海大学试验基地进行。种植模式因素包括:青稞单作(Q)、豌豆单作(W)、青稞豌豆混作(Q×W) 3种模式;施肥因素包括:不施肥(N0P0)、低氮磷(N1P1)、高氮磷 (N2P2) 3个水平。分析了青稞和豌豆在单、混作模式下的根系形态、生物量、氮磷吸收量,并计算了氮磷竞争比率。
    结果 与单作青稞相比,混作青稞地上和地下部干重分别增加了32.1%和15.3%,根冠比降低了13.1%,根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数分别增加了21.7%、43.7%、79.6%和44.8%,根系吸氮量和总吸氮量分别增加了75.8%和72.7%,根系吸磷量和总吸磷量分别显著增加了56.3%和60.0% (P<0.05)。与单作豌豆相比,混作豌豆地上和地下部分干重和根冠比分别显著降低了19.3%、27.9%和9.7%,地上部、根系吸氮量和总吸氮量分别显著降低了24.7%、32.5%和28.0%。混作青稞在分蘖期、拔节期和灌浆期地上部氮吸收累积量较单作分别显著增加了9.8%、34.6%和39.6%,磷吸收累积量分别显著增加了11.6%、18.7%和16.5%。混作豌豆在分枝期、开花期和结荚期地上部氮吸收累积量较单作分别显著降低了13.8%、18.0%和17.5%,地上部磷吸收累积量分别显著降低了26.1%、15.8%和19.9% (P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果表明,根表面积和平均根直径对青稞和豌豆氮素吸收量有显著影响,根体积对青稞和豌豆磷素吸收量有显著影响。N1P1水平下,混作青稞根长和根表面积均高于N0P0和N2P2水平下,促进了对氮、磷养分的吸收,而混作豌豆根系变化与青稞相反。
    结论 青稞和豌豆氮、磷吸收量均与其根表面积呈显著正相关。在养分供应不充足条件下,青稞和豌豆混作改变了根系形态,青稞的根表面积、根体积等形态指标相对于单作显著提高,而豌豆的根系主要形态指标显著降低,青稞为“受益者”,豌豆为“贡献者”。低肥条件下,混作体系获得了高氮、磷养分竞争率和土地当量比,混作优势明显。而高肥条件下,混作在改变根系形态、养分吸收竞争的优势相对于单作不显著。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives We examined the root morphology and nutrient utilization of Tibetan barley (Hordeum vulgare var. coeleste Linnaeus) and peas (Pisum sativum L.) in mixed cropping systems under different fertilization levels.
    Methods The study used pot and field experimental methods at the Qinghai University experimental base. The cropping patterns included single cropping of Tibetan barley and peas and mixed cropping of both crops. Fertilization levels were no fertilization (N0P0), low nitrogen and phosphorus rate (N1P1), and high nitrogen and phosphorus rate (N2P2). The root morphology, biomass, N and P uptakes of Tibetan barley and peas were analyzed, and nitrogen and phosphorus competition ratio between the two crops was calculated.
    Results Compared with single cropping, mixed cropping (P<0.05) increased the shoot and root dry weight of Tibetan barley by 32.1% and 15.3%, decreased the root-to-shoot ratio by 13.1%, increased the total root length, root surface area, total root volume and root tip number by 21.7%, 43.7%, 79.6%, and 44.8%, increased root N uptake and total N uptake by 75.8% and 72.7% and root P uptake and total P uptake by 56.3% and 60.0%. On the contrary, mixed cropping (P<0.05) decreased peas shoot and root dry weight and the root-to-shoot ratio by 19.3%, 27.9%, and 9.7%, decreased the shoot and root N uptake and total N uptake by 24.7%, 32.5%, and 28.0%, respectively. Compared with single cropping, the shoot N accumulation in Tibetan barley under mixed cropping (P<0.05) increased by 9.8%, 34.6%, and 39.6%, and shoot P accumulation increased by 11.6%, 18.7%, and 16.5% at tillering, jointing, and maturity stages. Peas shoot N accumulation under the mixed cropping system decreased by 13.8%, 18.0%, and 17.5%; the shoot P accumulation decreased by 26.1%, 15.8%, and 19.9% at branching, flowering and podding stages. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the root surface area and average root diameter had significant correlation with the N absorption, and the root volume had significant correlation with the P absorption of Tibetan barley and pea. Among the three fertlizer levels under mixed cropping, N1P1 was recorded the largestroot length and surface area of Tibetan barley, but the lowest root development of peas.
    Conclusions The N and P uptake of Tibetan barley and peas was positively correlated with the root surface area. Inefficient N and P supply increased the root morphology indexes of Tibetan barley but decreased peas’ root surface area and volume under mixed cropping system. Tibetan barley is the “beneficiary” while Pea is the “contributor”. Under the low fertilizer level, the mixed cropping system enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient ultilization rate and land equivalent ratio. Under sufficient fertilization, the mixed cropping system did not influence the two crops’ root morphology, with less benefit from the system.

     

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