• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
王义祥, 黄家庆, 叶菁, 李艳春, 林怡, 刘岑薇. 生物炭对酸化茶园土壤性状和细菌群落结构的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(11): 1967-1977. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20237
引用本文: 王义祥, 黄家庆, 叶菁, 李艳春, 林怡, 刘岑薇. 生物炭对酸化茶园土壤性状和细菌群落结构的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(11): 1967-1977. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20237
WANG Yi-xiang, HUANG Jia-qing, YE Jing, LI Yan-chun, LIN Yi, LIU Cen-wei. Effects of different amount of biochar application on soil property and bacterial community structure in acidified tea garden[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(11): 1967-1977. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20237
Citation: WANG Yi-xiang, HUANG Jia-qing, YE Jing, LI Yan-chun, LIN Yi, LIU Cen-wei. Effects of different amount of biochar application on soil property and bacterial community structure in acidified tea garden[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(11): 1967-1977. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20237

生物炭对酸化茶园土壤性状和细菌群落结构的影响

Effects of different amount of biochar application on soil property and bacterial community structure in acidified tea garden

  • 摘要:
    目的  生物炭作为一种高效、绿色、多功能的土壤调理剂受到了广泛关注,但生物炭对酸化茶园土壤改良的长期效应还缺乏了解。研究施用生物炭5年后对茶园土壤性状和细菌群落结构的影响,为生物炭在酸化土壤改良上的合理应用提供科学依据。
    方法  茶园生物炭田间试验在福建安溪县进行,茶园种植年限超过7年,茶树品种为铁观音,土壤为黄壤 。试验设生物炭施用量0、2.5、5、10、20和40 t/hm2共6个水平,一次施入土壤,5年后调查了茶园土壤pH、电导率 (EC)、可溶性有机碳含量、细菌群落结构变化及它们间的相关关系。
    结果  施用生物炭5年后,茶园土壤pH提高了0.16~1.11个单位,可溶性有机碳含量提高了52.6%~92.3%,EC值降低了1.85%~47.77%,其中施用10~40 t/hm2生物炭处理的pH值均显著高于0~5 t/hm2处理。施用生物炭5年对土壤性质的改变,进一步影响了细菌群落结构,细菌群落Chao指数、ACE指数表现为随生物炭施用量增加而增加得趋势,Shannon指数呈现先增加后降低的趋势。施用生物炭促进了适宜酸中性或弱碱性环境的节杆菌属、硝化螺旋菌属、黄色杆菌科细菌相对丰度的增加,降低了嗜酸性细菌如酸杆菌属细菌的相对丰度。细菌群落结构与环境因子的关联分析表明,施用0~10 t/hm2生物炭处理细菌群落结构受pH、EC环境因子的影响较大;施用20~40 t/hm2生物炭处理细菌群落结构受土壤可溶性有机碳等环境因子的影响较大;其中硝化螺旋菌属、α-变形菌门、酸杆菌属、康奈斯氏杆菌属等的相对丰度与土壤pH、EC值间具有显著相关性。
    结论  在酸化茶园施用生物炭5年后,土壤pH、EC和可溶性有机碳含量发生了显著变化,增加了细菌群落多样性指数,且适宜酸中性或弱碱性环境的细菌丰度增加,嗜酸性细菌丰度降低;其中施用0~10 t/hm2生物炭的处理土壤pH、EC是显著影响细菌群落结构的环境因子,施用20~40 t/hm2生物炭的处理土壤可溶性有机碳含量是显著影响细菌群落结构的环境因子。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives  Biochar is considered as an efficient, green and multifunctional soil conditioner. The long-term effect of biochar application on the properties of acidified tea garden soils was researched, in order to provide scientific references for reasonable application of biochar in acidified soil improvement.
    Methods  A field experiment was carried out in Anxi County, Fujian Province, where the tea garden was planted for more than 7 years and the soil was yellow earth. Six biochar application levels of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 t/hm2 were setup, and all the biochar were once added into soils. The soil pH, EC and bacterial community structure were analyzed five years later.
    Results  After the biochar was applied for five years, the pH of tea garden soil increased by 0.16 to 1.11 units, the dissolved organic carbon contents (DOC) increased by 52.6% to 92.3%, and the EC values decreased by 1.85% to 47.77%. The pH of 10–40 t/hm2 biochar treatments was significantly higher than that of 0–5 t/hm2 biochar treatments. The indexes of Chao and ACE increased with the increase of biochar rate, the Shannon index firstly increased and then decreased. The relative abundance of bacteria suitable for neutral, acid or weakly alkaline environment, such as Arthrobacter, Nitrospira and Xanthomonas, increased due to biochar application, and the relative abundance of Acidobacteria decreased. The correlation analysis between bacterial community structure and environmental factors showed that the bacterial communities of 0–10 t/hm2 of biochar treatments was greatly affected by pH and EC. The bacterial communities of 20–40 t/hm2 of biochar treatments were greatly affected by DOC. The relative abundances of Nitrospira, Alphaproteobacteria, Acidobacteriaceae, Conexibacter had significant correlation with soil pH and EC.
    Conclusions  Biochar has relatively long soil remediation effect. After applying biochar for five years, the pH, DOC and bacterial diversity indexes of tea garden soils are significantly increased, the abundance of bacteria suitable for weakly acid to weakly alkaline environments increased, and the abundance of acidophilic bacteria decreased. Under biochar application amount of 0–10 t/hm2, the pH and EC are the environmental factors that significantly affect the bacterial community structure, and under biochar application rate of 20–40 t/hm2, DOC is the main environmental factor.

     

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