• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
吕金岭, 王小非, 骆晓声, 梁少民, 寇长林. 减氮条件下砂壤质潮土区小麦–玉米轮作体系氨挥发特征及排放系数[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(2): 346-359. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20259
引用本文: 吕金岭, 王小非, 骆晓声, 梁少民, 寇长林. 减氮条件下砂壤质潮土区小麦–玉米轮作体系氨挥发特征及排放系数[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(2): 346-359. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20259
Lü Jin-ling, WANG Xiao-fei, LUO Xiao-sheng, LIANG Shao-min, KOU Chang-lin. Ammonia volatilization characteristics and emission coefficients of wheat and maize rotation in sandy fluvo-aquic soil under reduced N fertilization[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(2): 346-359. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20259
Citation: Lü Jin-ling, WANG Xiao-fei, LUO Xiao-sheng, LIANG Shao-min, KOU Chang-lin. Ammonia volatilization characteristics and emission coefficients of wheat and maize rotation in sandy fluvo-aquic soil under reduced N fertilization[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(2): 346-359. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20259

减氮条件下砂壤质潮土区小麦–玉米轮作体系氨挥发特征及排放系数

Ammonia volatilization characteristics and emission coefficients of wheat and maize rotation in sandy fluvo-aquic soil under reduced N fertilization

  • 摘要:
    目的 氮肥施用量影响农田氨挥发量和氮肥利用效率。研究减量施氮后土壤的氨挥发特征及排放系数,为科学评估化肥减施对环境的影响提供依据。
    方法 选取华北砂壤质潮土农田,进行小麦–玉米轮作周年土壤氨挥发监测研究。试验包括不施氮磷钾化肥 (CK)、常规施氮肥 (N)、优化施肥 (OPT)、减量优化 (LOPT) 和优化加有机肥 (mOPT) 5个施肥处理。小麦季常规、优化和减量优化处理施氮量分别为315、225和135 kg/hm2,玉米季分别为330、240和150 kg/hm2。试验采用密闭海绵法,在小麦、玉米基肥和追肥后,定期取样测定不同处理的氨挥发量,并计算氨排放系数。
    结果 不同施氮量下,供试农田玉米季土壤氨挥发总量在12.8~20.4 kg/hm2,占总施氮量的5.9%~8.5%;小麦季氨挥发总量在6.8~12.0 kg/hm2,占总施氮量的3.3%~5.0%,玉米季氨总挥发量明显高于小麦季。4个施氮处理相比,N和LOPT处理的氨排放系数较高,小麦季分别为3.8%和5.0%,玉米季分别为6.2%和8.5%,而OPT和mOPT处理的氨排放系数相对较低,小麦季分别为3.6%和3.3%,玉米季均为5.9%。除此之外,OPT和mOPT处理小麦和玉米产量显著高于N和LOPT处理(P<0.05),说明过量或过少施氮不利于砂壤质潮土作物产量的提高,适当添加有机肥不仅增产还可以降低氨挥发量。对不同施氮量进行拟合,发现潮土小麦和玉米季常规施氮量处理的氨挥发量在施肥后均呈极显著指数增加趋势 (P<0.01)。
    结论 华北砂壤质潮土区小麦–玉米轮作体系中,玉米追肥期的氨挥发量高于基肥期,小麦基肥期的氨挥发量高于追肥期,玉米季的总氨挥发量高于小麦季。优化氮肥施用不论是否配合有机肥,均可显著降低小麦季和玉米季的氨挥发量和氨排放系数,提高两季作物的产量,而过量减施氮肥虽然减少了氨挥发量,但大大增加了氨排放系数。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective Nitrogen fertilizer application amount influences the total ammonia emission and nitrogen use efficiency directly. We studied the characteristics of ammonia emission under reduced nitrogen fertilizer input for the precise evaluation of the ecosystem effect.
    Methods Sandy loam fluvo-aquic soils are typical farmlands in North China, a localized fertilization experiment was conducted in this type of soil, with winter wheat-summer maize rotation. Five N fertilizer treatments were setup in the experiment, namely no fertilizer control (CK), conventional (N), optimized (OPT), reduced optimized rate (LOPT) and combing chemical N with manure in optimized total N rate (mOPT). The N rates in treatments of N, OPT and LOPT were 315, 225 and 135 kg/hm2 for wheat and 330, 240 and 150 kg/hm2 for maize. The closed sponge method was used to monitor the ammonia emission amount during the growing season. The ammonia emission coefficient was calculated, the yield and N uptake of wheat and maize were analyzed.
    Results The ammonia emission of maize season was 12.8–20.4 kg/hm2, and that of wheat season was 6.8–12.0 kg/hm2, accounting for 5.9%–8.5% and 3.3%–5.0% of the total N input in the two seasons. The overall ammonia emission in the maize season was significantly higher than that in the wheat season. Among the four N rate treatments, the ammonia emission coefficients of N and LOPT treatments were higher, those in wheat season were 3.8% and 5.0%, respectively, and in maize season were 6.2% and 8.5%; while the ammonia emission coefficients of OPT and mOPT treatments were relatively low, those in wheat season were 3.6% and 3.3%, and in maize season were 5.9% and 5.9%, respectively.The yields of wheat and maize in OPT and mOPTwere all significantly higher than those in N and LOPT treatments (P<0.05), which demonstrated that excessive or insufficient nitrogen application was not conducive to the production of crop yields in sandy loam fluvo-aquic soil. Appropriate manure application could not only increase production, but also reduce ammonia emissions. Fitting analysis showed that the ammonia volatilization of N treatments in the fluvo-aquic soil had a significant exponential increase after fertilization (P<0.01).
    Conclusions The ammonia emission during maize season in the fluvo-aquic soil is generally higher than that during wheat season. The ammonia emission in maize season is higher after top dressing than after basal fertilization, and the emission in wheat season is higher after basal fertilization than after top dressing. Compared with conventional N application rate, optimized N rate could significantly decrease the ammonia emission amount and the emission coefficient of N fertilizer, no matter combined with organic fertilizer or not; while excessive reduced N rate would not decrease the emission coefficient of nitrogen fertilizers, in spite of the decreased emission amount. Comprehensively considering the yield and ammonia emission, optimized fertilizer is beneficial for both the yield and ecosystem effect under the tested area.

     

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