• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
姚云柯, 周卫, 孙建光, 梁国庆, 刘光荣, 孙刚, 袁福生. 田间条件下不同促腐菌对水稻秸秆腐解及胞外酶活性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(11): 2070-2080. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20264
引用本文: 姚云柯, 周卫, 孙建光, 梁国庆, 刘光荣, 孙刚, 袁福生. 田间条件下不同促腐菌对水稻秸秆腐解及胞外酶活性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(11): 2070-2080. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20264
YAO Yun-ke, ZHOU Wei, SUN Jian-guang, LIANG Guo-qing, LIU Guang-rong, SUN Gang, YUAN Fu-sheng. Effects of different straw-decomposition inoculants on increasing the activities of extracellular enzymes and decomposition of rice straw buried into soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(11): 2070-2080. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20264
Citation: YAO Yun-ke, ZHOU Wei, SUN Jian-guang, LIANG Guo-qing, LIU Guang-rong, SUN Gang, YUAN Fu-sheng. Effects of different straw-decomposition inoculants on increasing the activities of extracellular enzymes and decomposition of rice straw buried into soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(11): 2070-2080. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20264

田间条件下不同促腐菌对水稻秸秆腐解及胞外酶活性的影响

Effects of different straw-decomposition inoculants on increasing the activities of extracellular enzymes and decomposition of rice straw buried into soil

  • 摘要:
    目的 田间环境的复杂性影响促腐菌种的实际促腐效果。研究3个经鉴定的促腐菌种在田间条件下提高秸秆腐解相关酶活性的效果,并比较其和商品菌剂的效果,为秸秆促腐菌剂研发及秸秆高效还田提供科学依据。
    方法 田间试验采用秸秆包网袋填埋法,在江西省上高县双季稻种植区晚稻季节进行,设置水稻秸秆接种假单胞菌、芽孢杆菌、青霉、商品菌剂以及不施菌剂 (对照) 5个处理,分别于秸秆包填埋于土壤后第7、14、28、56、84天取秸秆样品,测定秸秆剩余量、养分含量及胞外酶活性,并计算秸秆腐解率。
    结果 1) 不论是否添加促腐菌剂,秸秆的腐解均呈现出先快后慢的趋势。添加假单胞菌处理秸秆腐解率以及C、N、P释放率在0~84天始终显著高于对照,最终分别提高5.6%、9.09%、11.66%和7.87%;添加青霉处理秸秆腐解率 (第14天除外) 和氮释放率在0~84天也显著高于对照,最终分别提高5.2%和7.46%;添加商品菌剂处理秸秆腐解率仅在第14天显著高于对照;而添加芽孢杆菌处理秸秆腐解率始终与对照无显著差异。2) 腐解时间是影响胞外酶活性的最重要因素,添加菌剂也能不同程度地提高秸秆腐解胞外酶活性。胞外酶中,乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性是影响秸秆腐解和养分释放的重要变量,其次是β-纤维二糖苷酶和磷酸酶。添加假单胞菌处理乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶 (第14天除外) 以及磷酸酶的酶活性在0~84天内显著高于对照,添加青霉、芽孢杆菌以及商品菌剂处理相关胞外酶活性表现并不稳定,添加青霉处理乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性仅在0~14天显著高于对照。3) 添加菌剂处理水稻产量较对照提高1.87%~9.92%,施假单胞菌处理增产最为显著。
    结论 胞外酶中乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性与秸秆腐解和养分释放关系最为密切。青霉仅在秸秆腐解的前14天显著提高乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性,芽孢杆菌剂对胞外酶活性的提升效果不稳定,因此,其在田间条件下促进秸秆腐解、养分释放的效果也不稳定,最终没有增产效果。假单胞菌剂可在0~84天腐解周期内显著提高乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶 (第14天除外) 活性,因而在田间条件下,假单胞菌剂可以有效促进秸秆腐解和养分释放,提高晚稻产量。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Many factors impact the promotion effect of some identified inoculants on straw decomposition under natural environment. Activities of extracellular enzymes are closely related to straw decomposition and nutrients release. We testified and compared the promotion effects of three kinds of inoculants from straw decomposition rate and the activities of main extracellular enzymes.
    Methods The litter bag method was used in a straw returning field experiment that was carried out in the double-cropping rice planting area of Shanggao County, Jiangxi Province during the late rice season. The Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Penicillium and commercial inoculants were used as treatments, and no inoculant as control. The straw samples were collected on the 7th, 14th, 28th, 56th and 84th day since the straw bags were buried into field, and the straw mass were weighed, the nutrients contents and extracellular enzymes activities were measured. The decomposition rate of straw was calculated according to the mass loss between that on the sampling date and the initial.
    Results 1) Whether adding inoculants or not, the decomposition rate of rice straw was fast at beginning and slow down gradually. Compared with control during 0–84 days, straw burying, the Pseudomonas significantly increased straw decomposition rate by 5.6%, and the C, N and P release rates by 9.09%, 11.66% and 7.87%; the Penicillium significantly increased straw decomposition rate by 5.2% and N release rate by 7.46%; commercial inoculant, however, only significantly improved straw decomposition rate on the 14th day, and the Bacillus did not have any significant promotion effect in all the sampling dates. 2) Decomposition time was the most important factor affecting enzyme activities, and microbial inoculants affected enzyme activities to different extent as well. Among the extracellular enzymes, N-acetyl-glucosamidase and β-glucosidase activity were the two dominant variable factors affecting straw decomposition, followed by phosphatase and β-cellobiosidase activity. Under Pseudomonas treatment, the activities of N-acetyl-glucosamidase, β-glucosidase (excluding the 14th day) and phosphatase were significantly higher than those in control treatment. However, the enzymes activities were not stable under Penicillium, Bacillus and commercial inoculants treatments. Penicillium significantly increased activity of N-acetyl-glucosamidase only in the initial 14 days. 3) Microbial inoculants showed different yield increase effect on late rice, with the highest increase of 9.92% by Pseudomonas inoculant treatment.
    Conclusions Activities of N-acetyl-glucosamidase and β-glucosidase are closely related to straw decomposition and nutrients release. Penicillium and Bacillus have short and unstable promotion effect, so both of their inoculants have not showed satisfactory yield effect. Pseudomonas can significantly promote the activities of N-acetyl-glucosamidase and β-glucosidase during the whole decomposition period (0–84 day), therefore, the pseudomonas inoculant has significant yield increase effect on late rice when applied into soil.

     

/

返回文章
返回