• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
李娟, 张立成, 章明清, 王煌平, 张辉, 张永春. 长期不同施肥模式下赤红壤旱地花生–甘薯轮作体系产量稳定性研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(2): 179-190. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20285
引用本文: 李娟, 张立成, 章明清, 王煌平, 张辉, 张永春. 长期不同施肥模式下赤红壤旱地花生–甘薯轮作体系产量稳定性研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(2): 179-190. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20285
LI Juan, ZHANG Li-cheng, ZHANG Ming-qing, WANG Huang-ping, ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Yong-chun. Yield stability in peanut-sweet potato rotation system under long-term combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers in latosolic red soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(2): 179-190. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20285
Citation: LI Juan, ZHANG Li-cheng, ZHANG Ming-qing, WANG Huang-ping, ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Yong-chun. Yield stability in peanut-sweet potato rotation system under long-term combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers in latosolic red soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(2): 179-190. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20285

长期不同施肥模式下赤红壤旱地花生–甘薯轮作体系产量稳定性研究

Yield stability in peanut-sweet potato rotation system under long-term combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers in latosolic red soil

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究不同施肥模式下赤红壤旱地花生–甘薯轮作体系中两种作物产量的稳定性,以优化作物养分管理。
    方法 化肥定位试验和化肥配施有机肥定位试验在闽东南典型赤红壤旱地分别连续进行了15和13年,种植制度均为花生–甘薯轮作。化肥定位试验处理包括农民习惯施肥、推荐施肥以及在推荐施肥基础上不施氮、磷、钾的处理,以不施肥为对照;化肥有机肥定位试验处理包括农民习惯施肥、推荐施肥以及以商品有机肥、猪粪和稻草替代1/3推荐施氮量处理,以不施肥为对照。根据历年花生和甘薯产量,计算了产量的可持续性指数和变异系数,构建一元灰色线性模型,计算了不同施肥模式的长期趋势产量。
    结果 长期化肥定位试验中,推荐施肥处理的花生和甘薯产量均值显著高于其它5个处理;在长期有机无机肥配合试验中,3个有机无机肥配施处理的产量均高于推荐施肥处理。花生和甘薯化肥推荐施肥的产量可持续指数 (SYI) 分别为0.729 ± 0.019和0.501 ± 0.028,化肥配施猪粪花生的SYI为0.689 ± 0.013,显著高于推荐施肥和化肥配施稻草处理,与配施商品有机肥处理差异不显著;化肥配施稻草甘薯的SYI为0.514 ± 0.029,显著高于推荐施肥处理和化肥配施商品有机肥处理,与化肥配施猪粪处理的差异不显著。一元灰色线性模型显示,推荐施肥处理的花生和甘薯趋势产量均值分别为3780和19408 kg/hm2,均显著高于其他化肥处理。化肥配施猪粪的花生趋势产量均值为3492 kg/hm2,在95%置信区间,显著高于推荐施肥和其余两个有机无机肥配施处理;化肥配施稻草处理甘薯的趋势产量均值为17567 kg/hm2,显著高于推荐施肥处理和化肥配施商品有机肥处理,与化肥配施猪粪处理没有显著差异。产量可持续性指数较变异系数可更加有效地区分不同处理之间的产量波动差异,与产量的绝对高低没有关系。
    结论 化肥推荐施肥有利于提高赤红壤旱地轮作体系中花生和甘薯的产量;猪粪或商品有机肥替代1/3的化肥氮均可提高花生产量的稳定性和增产潜力,而稻草或猪粪替代1/3的化肥氮对甘薯产量及其稳定性最为有利。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Studying the effects of fertilization patterns on stability of crop yield is important for optimizing crop nutrient management.
    Methods Two different experiments involving application of chemical fertilizer or combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers were conducted in upland (latosolic red soil) of Southeast Fujian for 15 and 13 years, respectively. The planting system in the two experiments was peanut-sweet potato rotation. The chemical fertilizer experiment was composed of no fertilizer (control, CK), farmer's practice (FP), recommended fertilizer (RF) and removal of either N, P or K in the RF. The chemical-organic fertilizer experiment was composed of CK, FP, RF, and replacement of one-third of N in RF with either commercial manure (CM), pig manure (PM) or rice straw (S). The sustainable yield index (SYI) and CV were calculated, and a grey linear model was established to quantitatively analyze long-term yield trend.
    Results In the chemical fertilization experiment, the average yields of both crops (peanut 3936 kg/hm2 and sweet potato 19070 kg/hm2), and their SYI (peanut 0.729 ± 0.019 and sweet potato 0.501 ± 0.028) were significantly higher under RF than those under the other treatments. The SYI of both crops under RF + PM treatment (peanut 0.689 ± 0.013 and sweet potato 0.514 ± 0.029) were significantly higher than those under RF and RF + S treatments, but similar with those under RF + CM treatment. According to the grey linear trend model, the average yield trend of peanut and sweet potato under RF treatment were 3780 kg/hm2 and 19408 kg/hm2, respectively, and they were significantly higher than those recorded under other treatments. The average yield trend of peanut under RF + PM (3492 kg/hm2) was significantly higher than those under RF, RF + CM and RF + S treatments. The average yield trend of sweet potato under RF + S (17567 kg/hm2) was significantly higher than those under RF and RF + CM, but not significantly different from that under RF + PM.
    Conclusions Recommended fertilizer application (RF) can improve the yield stability of peanut and sweet potato in a rotation system. Replacing one-third of N in the recommended fertilizer with pig manure for peanut, or with straw or pig manure for sweet potato could enhance the yield trend level and the sustainable yield index in the long run.

     

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