• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
季佳鹏, 赵欣宇, 吴景贵, 孟庆龙, 关华建, 牛岸秋. 有机肥替代20%化肥提高黑钙土养分有效性及玉米产量[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(3): 491-499. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20357
引用本文: 季佳鹏, 赵欣宇, 吴景贵, 孟庆龙, 关华建, 牛岸秋. 有机肥替代20%化肥提高黑钙土养分有效性及玉米产量[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(3): 491-499. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20357
JI Jia-peng, ZHAO Xin-yu, WU Jing-gui, MENG Qing-long, GUAN Hua-jian, NIU An-qiu. Replacing 20% of chemical nitrogen with manures to increase soil nutrient availability and maize yield in a chernozem soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(3): 491-499. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20357
Citation: JI Jia-peng, ZHAO Xin-yu, WU Jing-gui, MENG Qing-long, GUAN Hua-jian, NIU An-qiu. Replacing 20% of chemical nitrogen with manures to increase soil nutrient availability and maize yield in a chernozem soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(3): 491-499. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20357

有机肥替代20%化肥提高黑钙土养分有效性及玉米产量

Replacing 20% of chemical nitrogen with manures to increase soil nutrient availability and maize yield in a chernozem soil

  • 摘要:
    目的 化肥减量并配施有机肥是减少肥料损失、提高化肥利用率的有效途径。研究在秸秆条带还田下化肥减量配施不同有机肥对东北地区黑钙土速效养分和玉米产量的影响,以实现玉米高效和可持续生产。
    方法 于2018和2019年,连续两年在农安试验基地黑钙土上进行玉米田间试验。本试验在秸秆条状还田下,共设置4个处理,即当地常量施肥 (T1)、化肥减量20% (T2)、化肥减量20%配施鸡粪2988 kg/hm2 (T3) 和化肥减量20%配施牛粪5098 kg/hm2 (T4),T1、T3和T4处理的总氮投入量相同。在玉米拔节期和收获期,分别测定土壤pH、有机碳和速效氮磷钾含量,在收获期测产。
    结果 与T1处理相比,T2处理连续两年玉米产量均未显著降低,土壤有机碳和速效氮磷钾含量与常量施肥处理大体接近;T3和T4处理显著增加了土壤有机碳和速效养分含量。其中,T3处理2018年土壤有机碳、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别较T1增加了15.20%、12.20%、16.70%、7.75%,2019年分别增加了13.0%、18.5%、34.2%、18.5%。玉米产量连续两年均以T4处理效果最优,2018和2019年分别较T1增产5.6%和20.8%,T3处理的增产幅度分别为3.75%和15.40%。
    结论 在秸秆条状还田下,化肥减量配施有机肥可以增加土壤中有机碳和速效氮、磷、钾含量,可实现玉米增产增收。在黑钙土上配施鸡粪的效果优于牛粪。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Combining application of chemical and organic fertilizers has been found an effective way to reduce fertilizer losses and improve fertilizer utilization in crop production. The effects of reducing chemical fertilizer rate and compensation nutrient amount with organic fertilizers on soil nutrient availability and maize yield were studied in this paper under straw returning to field in strips.
    Methods Field experiments were carried out consecutively in 2018 and 2019 in a chernozem soil where maize is mono-cropped all the time. The treatment plots were separated by returning maize straw to field in strips, and there are a total of four fertilization treatments in the experiment: NPK compound fertilizer in conventional application rate (T1) and in 20% less application rate (T2), and compensate the reduced 20% N rate with chicken manure (T3) or cow manure (T4). The soil organic carbon and available nutrient contents were measured at the jointing and harvest periods of the maize each year, as well as the corn yield.
    Results Compared with T1 treatment, reducing 20% of fertilizer input (T2 treatment) did not reduce the maize yields for two consecutive years, but decreased the soil available nutrient contents, especially in the second experimental year; Compensating the reduced nutrient input with chicken or cattle manure (T3 and T4 treatments) significantly increased the contents of soil organic carbon and available nutrients, and the maize yields. The T3 treatment had the most profound influence on the soil nutrients for the two consecutive years. In the first year, the contents of organic C, alkaline N, available P, and available K in T3 treatment were increased by 15.2%, 12.2%, 16.7%, and 7.75%, respectively and 13%, 18.5%, 34.2%, and 18.5% respectively for the second year. The maize yield in T3 treatment increased by 3.75% and 15.4% in the first and second year respectively. T4 treatment had the most striking effect, increasing the maize yield by 5.6% and 20.8% in the first and second year respectively, compared to T1. Correlation analysis revealed that the soil organic C and available N, P and K were all significantly correlated with maize yield.
    Conclusions Under condition of returning maize straws to the field in strips, replacing 20% of conventional NPK inputs with manures shows sounded effect in increasing soil fertility and obtaining higher yield. Chicken manure is more effective than cattle manure in chernozem soil.

     

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