• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
韩萌, 杨劲峰, 谢芳, 李娜, 戴健, 王月, 鲁豫, 韩晓日. 长期施肥棕壤有机硫矿化特征及其驱动力[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(3): 460-469. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20406
引用本文: 韩萌, 杨劲峰, 谢芳, 李娜, 戴健, 王月, 鲁豫, 韩晓日. 长期施肥棕壤有机硫矿化特征及其驱动力[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(3): 460-469. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20406
HAN Meng, YANG Jin-feng, XIE Fang, LI Na, DAI Jian, WANG Yue, LU Yu, HAN Xiao-ri. Driving factors of organic sulfur mineralization in brown soil under long-term fertilization[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(3): 460-469. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20406
Citation: HAN Meng, YANG Jin-feng, XIE Fang, LI Na, DAI Jian, WANG Yue, LU Yu, HAN Xiao-ri. Driving factors of organic sulfur mineralization in brown soil under long-term fertilization[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(3): 460-469. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20406

长期施肥棕壤有机硫矿化特征及其驱动力

Driving factors of organic sulfur mineralization in brown soil under long-term fertilization

  • 摘要:
    目的 探究长期不同施肥对土壤有机硫矿化量、动力学特征和酶活性的影响,揭示玉米–大豆轮作体系中棕壤有机硫矿化特征及其主要驱动因子。
    方法 沈阳农业大学长期定位试验于1979年建立,为玉米–玉米–大豆 (一年一熟) 轮作模式。试验设置15个处理,本研究选取了其中7个处理,分别为:CK (不施肥)、N1 (低量化学氮肥)、N2 (高量化学氮肥)、N1P (低量化学氮肥+磷肥)、N1PK (低量化学氮肥+磷钾肥)、M1 (低量有机肥) 和M1N1PK (低量有机肥配施化学氮磷钾肥)。不同作物有机肥投入量相同,氮磷钾化肥投入量不同。选取2014和2015年的耕层 (0—20 cm) 土壤样品,测定土壤基本理化指标 (pH、有机碳和全氮含量)、有机硫矿化量、土壤中性蛋白酶及土壤芳基硫酸酯酶活性。同时,进行矿化培养试验,分析不同温度下有机硫矿化特征。于玉米、大豆收获后测定产量。
    结果 长期施肥处理均提高了土壤有机硫的矿化量,7个处理总体表现为M1N1PK > M1 > N1PK、N1、N2 > N1P > CK。单施化肥条件下,增加氮肥用量对有机硫矿化作用无显著影响;单施有机肥或有机肥与化肥配施均可明显促进土壤有机硫矿化。与CK相比,M1N1PK处理有机硫矿化量提升幅度最大,提高了57.30%。利用一级动力学方程进行拟合,长期施肥均提高了有机硫矿化势,无机肥处理 (N1、N2、N1P和N1PK) 的提升幅度均较低,提升效果最优的是M1处理,比CK提高了45.27%。环境温度和作物种类均显著影响有机硫矿化量和矿化势,随着环境温度的升高,有机硫的矿化量和矿化势均明显增加;玉米种植季有机硫矿化量和矿化势均高于大豆种植季。土壤中性蛋白酶活性和芳基硫酸酯酶活性均以M1N1PK处理最高,与单施化肥相比分别提高了96%~220%、264%~986%。有机硫累积总矿化量在种植玉米的年份与土壤有机碳 (r = 0.7693) 含量和全氮 (r = 0.7554) 含量呈显著正相关 (P < 0.05)。
    结论 土壤的有机碳和全氮含量是棕壤有机硫矿化的主要驱动力。只施用无机肥对土壤有机硫的矿化没有显著影响,而有机无机肥配合施用可显著提高土壤芳基硫酸酯酶、中性蛋白酶活性,进而提高有机硫矿化势和矿化量。玉米因其较高的生物量也成为有机硫矿化的主要驱动力。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives We assessed the effects of long-term fertilization on soil organic sulfur mineralization, enzyme activities and the main driving factors of organic sulfur mineralization in maize-soybean rotation system in a brown soil.
    Methods The experiment with 15 treatments in brown soil was established by Shenyang Agricultural University in 1979, the cropping system was maize-maize-soybean rotation. The seven treatments used in this study were CK (no fertilization), N1 (low-level chemical N fertilizer), N2 (high-level chemical N fertilizer), N1P (low-chemical N+P fertilizer), N1PK (low-chemical N+PK fertilizer), M1 (low-level pig manure) and M1N1PK (low-level pig manure+low-chemical N+PK fertilizer). Soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected in 2014 and 2015 to determine soil basic physical and chemical property (pH, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen), organic S mineralization rate, soil neutral protease and soil aryl sulfatase activities. A chamber culture experiment was also conducted to assess the mineralization characteristics of organic S at different temperatures.
    Results Long-term fertilization increased the mineralization of soil organic sulfur and the overall change trend was M1N1PK > M1 > N1PK, N1, N2 > N1P > CK. The mineralization of organic sulfur did not change with the increase of chemical nitrogen fertilizer application rate. Compared with no fertilization, application of pig manure or combined application of pig manure and chemical fertilizer significantly increased soil organic sulfur mineralization. According to the first-order kinetic equation fitting, the long-term fertilization increased the organic sulfur mineralization potential. Environmental temperature and crop species significantly affected the mineralization amount and mineralization potential of organic sulfur. The mineralization amount and potential of organic S increased significantly with the increase of environmental temperature. The mineralization amount and mineralization potential of organic sulfur in maize planting year were higher than those in soybean planting year. Compared with the application of chemical fertilizer alone, M1N1PK treatment increased the activities of neutral protease and aryl sulfatase by 96%–220% and 264%–986%, respectively. Total mineralization of organic sulfur was positively correlated with soil organic carbon (r = 0.7693) and total nitrogen (r = 0.7554) in maize planting year.
    Conclusions Organic sulfur mineralization in brown soil was affected by fertilizer, temperature and crop species. The activities of soil aryl sulfatase and neutral protease as well as the mineralization potential and mineralization amount of organic sulfur were improved by combining application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The organic carbon and total nitrogen in the soil were the main driving forces of organic sulfur mineralization in the maize season. Maize planting could promote the mineralization of organic S as the relatively large biomass.

     

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