Abstract: High efficiency, sustainability and brand establishment are becoming the main trend of agricultural development in China. Microbial fertilizers are listed as the new biological products for reaching the target and have the priority supports by the Chinese government. As a result, microbial fertilizer industry has achieved rapid development and progress in product quality. In this paper, the industry scale, recent development status and product characteristics of microbial fertilizers in China was reviewed and summarized. The crux, as well as bottle-neck, of its development, was analyzed from the perspectives of industry, government, market, manufacturing enterprise, and the user. A list of new technologies and new products was provided as a reference for the product development and technical innovation of microbial fertilizer industry in China.