• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
黄晓萌, 徐新朋, 何萍, 王秀斌, 杨兰芳, 仇少君, 赵士诚, 周卫. 长江流域冬小麦氮磷钾肥增产效应及其影响因素[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(6): 1059-1068. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20103
引用本文: 黄晓萌, 徐新朋, 何萍, 王秀斌, 杨兰芳, 仇少君, 赵士诚, 周卫. 长江流域冬小麦氮磷钾肥增产效应及其影响因素[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(6): 1059-1068. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20103
HUANG Xiao-meng, XU Xin-peng, HE Ping, WANG Xiu-bin, YANG Lan-fang, QIU Shao-jun, ZHAO Shi-cheng, ZHOU Wei. Yield response to NPK fertilization and the main impacts in production of winter wheat in Yangtze River catchments of China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(6): 1059-1068. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20103
Citation: HUANG Xiao-meng, XU Xin-peng, HE Ping, WANG Xiu-bin, YANG Lan-fang, QIU Shao-jun, ZHAO Shi-cheng, ZHOU Wei. Yield response to NPK fertilization and the main impacts in production of winter wheat in Yangtze River catchments of China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(6): 1059-1068. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20103

长江流域冬小麦氮磷钾肥增产效应及其影响因素

Yield response to NPK fertilization and the main impacts in production of winter wheat in Yangtze River catchments of China

  • 摘要:
    目的 分析长江流域施用氮、磷、钾肥对小麦产量的增产效应及主要影响因素的贡献率,旨在明确不同条件下施用氮、磷、钾肥对小麦产量的影响,为优化长江流域的小麦养分管理提供科技支撑。
    方法 数据来源于国际植物营养研究所在我国长江流域开展的小麦田间试验,以及在中国知网通过检索到的有关施肥增产效应的文献,检索关键词为“冬小麦”、“冬小麦 + 产量”、“冬小麦产量 + 肥料利用率”,符合Meta分析标准的氮、磷和钾数据分别有724、624和658组。以不施某种养分处理为对照,以反应比作为该养分的增产效应值,采用Meta分析方法,定量分析施用氮、磷、钾肥对小麦产量变化的贡献,并分别分析施肥水平、基础地力水平、种植区域、土壤有机质、pH及土壤养分对产量效应的影响。
    结果 与不施氮、磷或钾肥处理相比,长江流域冬小麦施用氮、磷和钾肥分别可显著增加小麦产量66.0%、17.9%和10.0%,以氮肥增产效应最高。基础地力对氮、磷、钾肥的增产效应均具有显著影响,氮、磷、钾肥均在低肥力土壤 (产量< 2.0 t/hm2) 上的增产率最高,分别为134.2%、30.0%和12.1%,氮、磷肥的增产效应与基础地力呈负相关关系。长江流域不同种植区域冬小麦氮、磷、钾肥的增产效应差异显著,以重庆市的氮效应最高,为136.1% ln(R) = 0.859,以浙江省的磷效应最高,为39.1% ln(R) = 0.330,贵州省的钾效应最高,为19.1% ln(R) = 0.175。氮、磷、钾肥均在酸性土壤的增产效果最好,增产效应随着土壤pH升高呈降低趋势,增产率分别为95.2%、29.4%和14.0%。土壤有机质含量对磷效应影响显著,对氮和钾效应影响不显著。当土壤全磷 > 1.0 g/kg、全钾 > 20.0 g/kg、碱解氮 < 80.0 mg/kg、速效磷 > 25.0 mg/kg及速效钾 < 90.0 mg/kg时,施氮增产效应最显著;在土壤全磷 < 0.7 g/kg和土壤速效磷 < 15.0 mg/kg时,施磷增产效应最显著;在土壤速效钾 < 90.0 mg/kg时,施钾增产效应最显著。
    结论 长江流域冬小麦施用氮、磷、钾肥的增产率分别为66.0%、17.9%和10.0%,氮肥仍是影响长江流域冬小麦增产的最重要养分因子。基础地力决定着施肥效应,产量 < 2.0 t/hm2的土壤施肥的增产潜力最高。土壤肥力因素中,pH、有机质和矿质养分含量应作为肥料投入的依据。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives This study analyzed the effects of N, P and K fertilizers on wheat yield in the Yangtze River catchments, and the contribution rates of the main influencing factors for the yield responses, which will provide data support for the managements of NPK fertilizers in production of wheat in the area.
    Methods The data were obtained from both the wheat field trials conducted by the International Plant Nutrition Institute in the Yangtze River catchments of China, and the published papers by searching the key words including winter wheat, winter wheat + yield, winter wheat yield + fertilizer utilization, etc. in CNKI database. According to the requirement of Meta-analysis, there are total of 724, 624 and 658 data for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization. The effect value of a nutrient was defined as the response ratio of its fertilization over no-fertilization treatment within a same trail, and Meta-analysis method was used to quantitatively analyze the contribution of each factors on the yield response effect.
    Results The application of NPK fertilizers increased the wheat yield in Yangtze River catchments significantly, and the yield increase rates by N, P and K fertilizers were averaged 66.0%, 17.9% and 10.0%, with the highest positive effect by N fertilizer. The yield effect was significantly affected by the inherent soil productivity, and the yield increase rates were as high as 134.2%, 30.0% and 12.1% on the low-productivity soil (yield < 2.0 t/hm2). There was a negative correlation between the yield-increasing effect of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers and the inherent soil productivity. The fertilization effect varied significantly among planting areas, the highest N effect was in Chongqing 136.1%, ln (R) = 0.859, highest P effect in Zhejiang Province 39.1%, ln (R) = 0.330, and the highest K effect in Guizhou Province 19.1%, ln (R) = 0.175. N, P and K fertilizers all had the best yield-increasing effects in acidic soils. The yield-increasing effects showed a downward trend with soil pH increasing, and the yield-increasing rates were 95.2%, 29.4% and 14.0%, respectively. Soil organic matter content had a significant effect on P production, but not on N and K. In soil of total-P > 1.0 g/kg, total-K > 20.0 g/kg, available-N < 80.0 mg/kg, available-P > 25.0 mg/kg and available-K < 90.0 mg/kg, N application had the most obvious yield increase. In soil of total-P < 0.7 g/kg and available-P < 15.0 mg/kg, P application was the most effective, and in soil of available-K < 90.0 mg/kg, K application increased the most.
    Conclusions The yield of winter wheat could be increased by 66.0%, 17.9% and 10.0% through the application of nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizers in Yangtze River catchments, respectively, and nitrogen is still the most effective nutrient. The inherent soil productivity affects the nutrient efficiency significantly and the high nutrient efficiency will be in the plot of yield < 2.0 t/hm2. The pH, organic matter and mineral nutrient content should be taken as the basis of fertilizer input in the winter wheat planting areas in Yangtze River catchments.

     

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