Abstract: Microcosm experiments were conducted to study the effects of temperature such as 25℃ 10℃ and soil moisture such as 50%, and 25% of the largest water holding capacity of soil (WHC) on transformation of phosphorus, and the activities of acid phosphatase in the black soil receiving nitrogen potassium fertilizers (NK), and nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium fertilizers (NPK). The statistic significant effects of temperature and moisture on phosphate transformation, and acid phosphatase activities were found in the present paper. High temperature such as 25℃ and moisture such as (50%WHC) can significantly increase contents of available phosphorus, Ca2-P, and Ca8-P, however, significantly decrease the content of organic phosphorus in soils especially in the soils manured with NPK. High temperature such as 25℃ and appropriate moisture such as 25% WHC can enhance acid phosphatase activities. The significantly positive correlation between the activity of acid phosphatase and the content of available phosphorus was also found in the present paper. It indicates that we can increase acid phosphatase activity to activate and enhance the availability of phosphorus in soil and to promote phosphorus to be released from black soil through adjusting soil temperature and moisture.