Abstract: Effects of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) resin coating residual on microbial quantity and enzyme activity in soil were investigated in winter wheat experiment. The results indicate that with application of CRF resin coating residual, the numbers of bacteria and actinomyces are increased by 19.01%62.87% and 17.03%132.39%, respectively. The activities of soil urease, invertase, neutral phosphatase are significantly increased by 17.39%85.71%, 31.77%158.40%, 35.14%189.47%, respectively, while the soil catalase activity is not affected. The activities of invertase, neutral phosphatase are improved by applying fertilizer to the soil (fertilizer with and without CRF resin coating residual treatments), however, the amounts of bacteria and actinomyces and the activities of catalase, urease are not changed. The amounts of bacteria and actinomyces and the activities of some enzymes could not be restrained under the condition of applying CRF resin coating residual at the range of 90~360g/m2 in soil.