基于熵权法和TOPSIS法优化马铃薯钾肥种类和滴灌量组合

孙鑫; 张富仓; 杨玲; 张少辉; 王海东; 强生才; 郭金金

doi:10.11674/zwyf.2021356

基于熵权法和TOPSIS法优化马铃薯钾肥种类和滴灌量组合

Optimal combination of potassium fertilizer and drip irrigation for potato production based on entropy weight method and TOPSIS analysis

摘要

摘要:
目的探寻滴灌施肥条件下实现沙土马铃薯高产优质和水肥高效的管理方式，为陕北马铃薯滴灌水钾管理提供科学依据。
方法以‘青薯9号’为试验材料，于2020年马铃薯生长季，在陕北榆林风沙区设置W1 (60% ET_c，198.4 mm，ET_c为作物需水量)、W2 (80% ET_c，246.2 mm)和W3 (100% ET_c，294 mm) 3个灌水水平及不施钾肥(K0)、KCl、K₂SO₄和KNO₃ 4种钾肥处理，调查了马铃薯的生长状况、产量、品质，计算了水分利用效率(WUE)和肥料偏生产力(PFP)。
结果钾肥种类与滴灌量及其交互作用对马铃薯产量及其构成要素、WUE和PFP有显著影响。相同钾肥处理下，W3灌溉水平的马铃薯块茎产量、淀粉含量、净收益平均分别比W1水平提高了19.8%、3.8%、33.9%，分别比W2水平提高了8.1%、1.6%、15.8%。不同灌水量下，不同钾肥的增产效果不同。W1水平下，KCl处理的马铃薯干物质累积量、产量显著低于K₂SO₄和KNO₃处理；W2和W3水平下，KNO₃处理的马铃薯干物质累积量、产量、商品薯重和净收益显著高于KCl和K₂SO₄处理，而K₂SO₄和KCl处理之间无显著差异。就水钾交互而言，W3+KNO₃处理的产量显著高于其他处理9.2%～55.0%；W3+K₂SO₄处理的淀粉含量最高，还原糖含量最低；W3+KCl处理的产投比最大，W1+KNO₃处理的WUE最大。基于熵权法和TOPSIS分析得出各处理优劣顺序为W3+KNO₃>W3+KCl>W2+KNO₃>W3+K₂SO₄>W2+K₂SO₄>W3K0>W2+KCl>W1+KNO₃>W1+K₂SO₄>W1+KCl>W2K0>W1K0。
结论基于熵权法和TOPSIS分析，在陕北沙土马铃薯种植系统中兼顾高产、优质和水肥高效的组合为硝酸钾肥配合100%作物需水量。

Abstract:
Objective To explore the combination of water and potassium for optimized yield, quality, and production efficiency of potato under drip fertigation conditions in northern Shaanxi Province.
Methods Field experiments were conducted to study the responses of potato growth, yield and quality to different types of potassium fertilizer and irrigation amount in Yulin, northern Shaanxi. ‘Qingshu No. 9’ was used as the test material. The three irrigation levels were 60%, 80%, and 100% of the crop water requirement (W1, 60% ET_c, 198.4 mm; W2, 80% ET_c, 246.2 mm; W3, 100% ET_c, 294 mm). The four K fertilizer treatments were - no K fertilizer control (K0), KCl, K₂SO₄ and KNO₃. The water use efficiency (WUE) and partial fertilizer productivity (PFP) were calculated.
Results The K fertilizer type, irrigation level and their interaction significantly affected potato yield and qualities, WUE and PFP. Under the same K fertilizer, the yield, starch content and net income of W3 treatment were 19.8%, 3.8%, 33.9% higher than W1, and 8.1%, 1.6% and 15.8% higher than W2 treatment, respectively. K fertilizer had different yield increasing effect under different irrigation amount. At W1, the dry matter accumulation and yield of KCl were significantly lower than those of K₂SO₄ and KNO₃. At W2 and W3, the dry matter accumulation, total and marketable yield, and net income of KNO₃ were significantly higher than those of KCl and K₂SO₄, while the latter two had no significant difference. Considering the irrigation × fertilizer interaction, the yield of W3+KNO₃ was 9.2%−55.0% higher than other treatment combination. W3+K₂SO₄ had the highest starch and the lowest reducing sugar content. W3+KCl elicited the largest production to investment ratio, while W1+KNO₃ had the highest WUE. Based on entropy weight method and TOPSIS analysis, the comprehensive effect was in order of W3+KNO₃>W3+KCl>W2+KNO₃>W3+K₂SO₄>W2+K₂SO₄>W3K0>W2+KCl>W1+KNO₃>W1+K₂SO₄>W1+ KCl>W2K0>W1K0.
Conclusions According to entropy weight method and TOPSIS, the optimum combination for high yield, quality and efficiency of potato in sandy soil is KNO₃ with 100% of potato water requirement in northern Shaanxi Province.

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