安徽单季稻区紫云英翻压的氮肥替代效应

卜容燕; 韩上; 李敏; 程文龙; 胡润; 郑仁兵; 王慧; 唐杉; 高嵩涓; 曹卫东; 武际

doi:10.11674/zwyf.2021605

安徽单季稻区紫云英翻压的氮肥替代效应

Incorporation of milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) reduces nitrogen fertilizer application rate in single cropping rice region of Anhui province

摘要

摘要:
目的紫云英富含氮素营养，是重要的有机氮源。基于两地、两年田间试验，研究紫云英还田下氮肥减量对水稻产量、氮素吸收、氮肥利用率和土壤有机质组分的影响，分析稻田翻压紫云英对化肥氮的替代效应。
方法试验于2017—2019年连续两年在安徽省贵池区和霍山县进行，均设置7个处理，分别是冬闲+不施氮肥(–N)和冬闲+常规施氮(100%N)两个对照，以及冬种紫云英条件下，施常规氮肥量的0% (Mv)、40% (Mv+40%N)、60% (Mv+60%N)、80% (Mv+80%N)和100% (Mv+100%N) 5个处理。2018和2019年水稻收获后，调查水稻产量和氮素吸收量，计算氮肥利用率。
结果 Mv+60%N处理两地、两年水稻产量平均为8349 kg/hm²，与Mv+80%N、Mv+100%N和100%N处理差异不显著，显著高于Mv+40%N和Mv处理(P< 0.05)。与100%N处理相比，Mv+60%N、Mv+80%N处理两年、两地水稻氮素吸收量差异不显著，Mv+40%N显著降低，Mv+100%N增加。与100%N处理相比，Mv+40%N、Mv+60%N、Mv+80%N和Mv+100%N处理的水稻季氮肥利用率分别平均提高了46.3%、31.6%、16.1%和4.4%，氮肥农学效率分别提高了61.6%、43.6%、23.2%和0.1%。试验开展两年后，与100%N处理相比，在种植紫云英基础上减施不同比例氮肥后土壤有机碳含量增加3.3%～13.8%，颗粒态有机碳增加14.9%～32.0%。
结论综合产量、氮肥效率和土壤培肥效果，紫云英翻压还田下，减少常规氮量的40% (Mv+60%N)不仅可保证水稻氮素营养，维持高产，氮肥利用率和农学效率分别提高了31.6%和43.6%，还可以提高土壤碳和氮含量，是安徽稻田较好的施肥模式。

Abstract:
Objectives Milk vetch (Mv) is rich in nitrogen, so it is an important source of organic N. The effects of nitrogen reduction on rice yield, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and soil organic matter composition under incorporation of milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) were studied based on two two-year field experiments. This study evaluated the effects of different N application rates combined with milk vetch incorporation in a rice paddy.
Methods Field experiments were conducted in Guichi and Huoshan cities, Anhui Province, from 2018–2019. No N fertilizer (–N) and conventional N application rate (100%N) under winter fallow were set as control treatments, and Mv returning to field combined with 0% (Mv), 40% (Mv+40%N), 60% (Mv+60%N), 80% (Mv+80%N) and 100% (Mv+100%N) of conventional N application rate were set up as treatments. After rice harvest in 2018 and 2019, the yield and nitrogen uptake of rice were investigated, and soil carbon and N contents were analyzed.
Results Mv+60%N elicited the highest rice yield in both years and two sites (averaged 8349 kg/hm²), which were not significantly different from those of Mv+80%N, Mv+100%N and 100%N treatments, but significantly higher than those of Mv+40%N and Mv. Compared with 100%N, Mv+40%N, Mv+60%N, Mv+80%N and Mv+100%N treatments increased N fertilizer utilization rate by 46.3%, 31.6%, 16.1% and 4.4%, respectively, and increased the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer by 61.6%, 43.6%, 23.2% and 0.1%, respectively. After milk vetch returning in 2018 and 2019, the soil organic carbon and particulate organic carbon were increased by 3.3%–13.8% and 14.9%–32.0%, respectively.
Conclusions The combination of milk vetch incorporation with 60% of conventional chemical N fertilizer input meets the N nutrition requirement of rice, maintains a high yield, increases the nitrogen use efficiency, and agronomic efficiency by 31.6% and 43.6%, respectively, Hence, the Mv+60%N is considered as the optimum fertilization mode in paddy fields in Anhui.

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