枸溶性钾肥与水溶性钾肥等比例基施提高甘薯生育期钾素积累和产量

褚玉麟; 赵哲; 苏少伟; 宋若茗; 张恒; 王毅; 张小梅; 李友军; 侯文邦

doi:10.11674/zwyf.2023350

枸溶性钾肥与水溶性钾肥等比例基施提高甘薯生育期钾素积累和产量

Basal application of equal ratio of citrate and water soluble potassium fertilizers is conducive to potassium accumulation across sweet potato growth stages and formation of tuber yield

摘要

摘要:
目的施钾可促进甘薯增产，探究枸溶性钾肥(硅钾肥)与水溶性钾肥(硫酸钾)不同比例配施对甘薯钾素积累和产量的影响，为提高甘薯钾肥利用效率提供依据。
方法田间试验在河南汝阳进行，供试土壤为褐土，甘薯品种为‘普薯32号’，枸溶性钾肥为硅钾肥(含K₂O 25%、SiO₂ 15%、CaO 14%)，水溶性钾肥为硫酸钾(K₂O 52%)。在施钾量为K₂O 150 kg/hm²，钾肥全部基施条件下，设置5个水溶性钾肥与枸溶性钾肥配施比例处理：100%∶0% (T1)、75%∶25% (T2)、50%∶50% (T3)、25%∶75% (T4)、0%∶100% (T5)，同时设不施钾肥对照 (CK)。在甘薯移栽后30、60、90、120天，取样测定甘薯茎长、生物量、钾素含量和产量，计算钾肥利用率。
结果与CK相比，施钾处理显著提高了甘薯茎长、茎粗和生物量、块茎产量。移栽30天，甘薯茎长、茎粗和生物量大多以T1处理最高，T2～T5处理间差异多不显著；移栽后60、90、120天，甘薯茎长、茎粗和生物量均以T3处理最高，且T3处理显著高于T1和T5处理。施钾处理均显著提高了甘薯块根产量，以T3处理甘薯块根产量最高，较CK处理增加68.02%。与T1处理相比，T2、T3、T4处理提高了各时期甘薯的钾素吸收量，提高甘薯移栽后90、120天各部位钾含量，以T3处理的甘薯钾素积累量、钾肥偏生产力、钾肥农学利用率和钾肥表观利用率最高，显著高于T1处理。
结论在相同施钾量和施用方法下，50%枸溶性钾肥和50%水溶性钾肥配施可更好地满足甘薯全生育期对钾素的需求，较全部施用水溶性钾肥可更有效地提高甘薯的钾素积累量、产量和钾肥利用效率。

Abstract:
Objectives Sufficient K nutrition across the whole growth cycle is a key measurement for efficient sweet potato production. We investigated the effects of different ratios of citrate and water soluble potassium fertilizers on the K accumulation and yield of sweet potato, in order to increase the potassium fertilizer use efficiencies and sweet potato yields.
Methods A field experiment was conducted in cinnamon soil at Ruyang of Henan province. The test citrate and water soluble potassium fertilizer was silicon potassium fertilizer (K₂O 25%, SiO₂ 15%, CaO 14%) and potassium sulfate (K₂O 52%). Under the same total K₂O rate, five water and citrate soluble potassium fertilizer ratio treatments were set up: T1 (100% : 0%), T2 (75% : 25%), T3 (50% : 50%), T4 (25% : 75%), and T5 (0% : 100%), taking no K application as control (CK). At the 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of transplanting, plants were sampled for the determination of stem length, biomass, K content, and the tuber yield at the end. Potassium fertilizer use efficiency were calculated.
Results Compared with CK, all the potassium treatments significantly increased the stem length, stem thickness, and biomass of sweet potato. At the 30 days, T1 treatment was recorded the highest promotion effect in the growth and biomass, and the other treatments did not show significant differences. At 60, 90 and 120 days, T3 was recorded the highest promotion effects, the stem length, thickness, and biomass in T3 treatment were significantly higher than those in T1 and T5 treatment. Compared with T1 and T5, T3 treatment significantly increased K content and K accumulation of sweet potato in the 60, 90 and 120 days, thereby achieved the highest K harvest index, partial factor of K productivity, agronomic efficiency and apparent utilization efficiency of K.
Conclusions Under the same potassium rate, basal applying water and citrate soluble potassium fertilizers in equal ratio is conducive to the sufficient supply of K nutrition across the whole growing period of sweet potato, thereby increase the potassium accumulation, yield formation, and the potassium utilization efficiency at last.

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