• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
钟东亮, 方雪娟, 周唯珺, Mohammad Jawad Alami, 许肃, 黄葳, 崔胜辉, 高兵. 中国蔬菜生产体系N2O排放的空间差异及减排措施[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2023406
引用本文: 钟东亮, 方雪娟, 周唯珺, Mohammad Jawad Alami, 许肃, 黄葳, 崔胜辉, 高兵. 中国蔬菜生产体系N2O排放的空间差异及减排措施[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2023406
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ZHONG Dong-liang, FANG Xue-juan, ZHOU Wei-jun, Mohammad Jawad Alami, XU Su, HUANG Wei, CUI Sheng-hui, GAO Bing. Regional N2O emission differences and the mitigation measurements in the vegetable production systems of China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2023406
Citation: ZHONG Dong-liang, FANG Xue-juan, ZHOU Wei-jun, Mohammad Jawad Alami, XU Su, HUANG Wei, CUI Sheng-hui, GAO Bing. Regional N2O emission differences and the mitigation measurements in the vegetable production systems of China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2023406
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中国蔬菜生产体系N2O排放的空间差异及减排措施

Regional N2O emission differences and the mitigation measurements in the vegetable production systems of China

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 了解中国不同蔬菜种植模式、种植区域和蔬菜类型的N2O-N排放系数及不同减排措施对N2O排放和蔬菜产量的综合影响，以减少区域和全国蔬菜体系N2O排放清单估算的不确定性。
    方法 检索收集关于中国菜地 N2O 排放及减排研究论文的田间观测数据，基于数据整合分析方法，系统分析不同蔬菜生产区和不同蔬菜类型在设施和露地两种栽培模式下的排放系数，及不同管理措施对土壤N2O减排潜力和产量的影响。
    结果 华北、西北、长江中下游、西南和华南露地蔬菜土壤N2O-N排放系数分别为1.27%、0.83%、1.20%、1.54%、5.57%，全国平均为1.23%，华南是西北地区的6.7倍。华北、西北、长江中下游设施蔬菜N2O-N排放系数分别为0.99%、0.65%、1.13%，全国平均为0.88%。露地种植模式下，叶菜类、茄果类、块茎类和根类蔬菜菜田N2O-N排放系数分别为1.72%、1.03%、0.92%和1.28%；设施种植模式下，叶菜类、茄果类、块茎类菜田的N2O-N排放系数分别为0.44%、0.95%和0.41%。减氮施肥、施用生物炭、优化灌溉和施用硝化抑制剂与常规施肥相比，N2O分别减排41.3%、29.1%、37.4%和27.9%。相比单一减排措施，优化灌溉和减氮施肥、硝化抑制剂和减氮施肥组合措施的N2O减排效果可达45.8%～57.3%。不同硝化抑制的N2O减排效果相当(26.5%～29.7%)。当生物炭施用量为≤10、10～20、20～30、30～40 t/hm2时，N2O可分别减排31.7%、24.3%、38.0%和26.8%。相比于常规管理措施，氮肥投入量减少≤20%、20%～30%、30%～40%、40%～50%、>50%时，可分别减少N2O排放量36.9%、37.5%、29.7%、71.3%和39.4%。
    结论 中国设施和露地蔬菜N2O-N排放系数在不同蔬菜产区和蔬菜种类间均存在较大差异，尤其需重视南方亚热带地区一年多熟蔬菜体系N2O排放与减排。依据蔬菜类型制定减排措施的效果较为稳定。单一减施40%～50%氮肥、使用硝化抑制剂和施用生物炭(20～30 t/hm2)等措施均可实现蔬菜稳产和最佳的N2O减排的双赢。采用减施氮肥+优化灌溉和减施氮肥+硝化抑制剂两种组合措施，可进一步削减土壤N2O的排放。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives We studied the N2O-N emission factors in various vegetable species, cultivation modes, and regions in China, and assessed the effects of often used measurements on reducing N2O emission.
    Methods Field observation data were collected from research papers focusing on N2O emission and emission reduction in vegetable production areas in China. The emission factors (EF) were calculated according to the vegetable species and production areas under greenhouse and open field conditions, respectively. The effect of managements on reducing soil N2O emission were summarized. The correlation between N2O emission reduction and vegetable yields were studied as well.
    Results The EF of open field vegetable production in North China, Northwest China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Southwest China, and South China were 1.27%, 0.83%, 1.20%, 1.54%, and 5.57%, respectively, with an average of 1.23% across the whole country. Notably, the EF in South China was 6.7 times higher than that in Northwest China. For greenhouse vegetable production, the EF in North China, Northwest China, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were 0.99%, 0.65%, and 1.13%, with an average of 0.88% across the whole country. Furthermore, the EF in leafy, fruit, tuber, and root vegetable production were 1.72%, 1.03%, 0.92%, and 1.28% in open field, and in leafy, fruit and tuber vegetable production were 0.44%、0.95% and 0.41% in greenhouse fields, respectively. Compared to conventional fertilization methods, N rate reduction, biochar application, optimized irrigation, and nitrification inhibitor application reduced N2O emissions by 41.3%, 29.1%, 37.4%, and 27.9%, respectively. Combination of optimized irrigation with N rate reduction, and nitrification inhibitor with N rate reduction achieved N2O emission reduction ranging from 45.8% to 57.3%. All the nitrification inhibitors displayed comparable N2O reduction rates of 26.5% to 29.7%. Application of biochar in rates of ≤10, 10−20, 20−30 and 30−40 t/hm2 could reduce N2O emission by 31.7%, 24.3%, 38.0%, and 26.8%, respectively; Reducing nitrogen input rate of ≤20%, 20%−30%, 30%−40%, 40%−50%,>50% were observed N2O emission reductions of 36.9%, 37.5%, 29.7%, 71.3%, and 39.4%, respectively, compared to conventional N rate and management practices.
    Conclusions The N2O-N emission factors are significantly different among vegetable production areas and vegetable species under both green house and open field conditions in China. More attention to N2O emission should be paid in the multi-maturing vegetable systems in the subtropical climate areas. EF reducing measurements should be made according to vegetable species for relatively constant effect across the whole country. Reducing 40%−50% of conventional N fertilizer input, nitrification inhibitors and biochar application could reduce N2O emission effectively, and their combining use can achieve a win-win scenario, without obvious influence on vegetable yields.

     

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