• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
NING Yun-wang, ZHANG Hui, WANG Lei, XU Xian-ju, WANG Ji-dong, MA Hong-bo, ZHU De-jin, HUANG Hui, WANG Shao-hua, MA Chao-hong, ZHANG Yong-chun. Maintaining yields and improving nitrogen use efficiencies and economic benefits of rice and wheat by double fertilization of combining basal dressing with top dressing at heading stage[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(8): 1407-1419. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19453
Citation: NING Yun-wang, ZHANG Hui, WANG Lei, XU Xian-ju, WANG Ji-dong, MA Hong-bo, ZHU De-jin, HUANG Hui, WANG Shao-hua, MA Chao-hong, ZHANG Yong-chun. Maintaining yields and improving nitrogen use efficiencies and economic benefits of rice and wheat by double fertilization of combining basal dressing with top dressing at heading stage[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(8): 1407-1419. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19453

Maintaining yields and improving nitrogen use efficiencies and economic benefits of rice and wheat by double fertilization of combining basal dressing with top dressing at heading stage

  • Objectives It is generally believed that increasing fertilization times under the same dosage of fertilizer is conducive to improve fertilizer efficiencies, however, too frequent fertilization often leads to excessive fertilizer input in actual production of rice and wheat in Jiangsu. Single fertilization is still controversial, double fertilization pattern of basal dressing with top dressing at tillering stage has been found insufficient N supply during the late growth of rice. It is important to study the effects of fertilization pattern of basal dressing with top dressing at heading stage of rice and wheat, and the availability of reducing chemical fertilizer.
    Methods From 2016 to 2019, a positioning field experiment in rice-wheat rotation was conducted to investigate yield and yield components, cumulative nitrogen (N) efficiencies and surplus. The positioning experiment had seven treatments, including no N control (CK), conventional fertilization (CF), recommended fertilization (compare with CF, nitrogen application rate was reduced by 18.2% in rice and by 22.2% in wheat, RF), and treatments using four types of nitrogen fertilizer as basal combined with topdressing at heading stage (BH) under the recommended N rate, including urea (U), sulfur-coated urea (SCU), polyolefin-coated urea (PCU) and urea + 5% dicyandiamide (NIU). During 2018 to 2019, the BH fertilization pattern were applied in demonstration field experiment, in which, the basal applied N were from two compound fertilizers, improved formula fertilizer (IFF) using U as N source and stable compound fertilizer (SCF) containing nitrification inhibitor. The fertilization costs and planting benefits were compared to that of farmer’s practice (FP).
    Results According to the results of the positioning experiment, the RF had no significant effect on rice and wheat grain yields compared with CF, and the BH treatments of different N sources also had no effects on rice and wheat grain yields compared with RF. As the reduction of N amount, cumulative N efficiencies were significantly increased and the cumulative N surplus was significantly decreased. However, cumulative N efficiencies and N surplus were not affected by the reduction of fertilization times. Under the same N application rate of double fertilization of BH, NIU-BH had a better performance in rice and wheat, PCU-BH had a unstable performance in wheat. According to the results of the demonstration experiment, under the condition of 18.2%–33.8% N reduction in rice, the rice yields in IFF-BH and SCF-BH treatments were respectively increased by 1.8%–4.5% and 2.6%–6.1%, fertilization costs were respectively decreased by 1069–1538 yuan/hm2 and 473–1029 yuan/hm2, and the net incomes were respectively increased by 1950–2270 yuan/hm2 and 1168–2126 yuan/hm2. Under the condition of 30.0% N reduction in wheat, the wheat yield were respectively increased by 0.7% and 9.7%, fertilization costs were respectively decreased by 1132 yuan/hm2 and 495 yuan/hm2, and net incomes were respectively increased by 1387 yuan/hm2 and 2045 yuan/hm2.
    Conclusions Under the condition of this study, both positioning and demonstration experiments had proved that, the double fertilization method was available in keeping rice and wheat yields, improving N efficiencies and planting benefits under the premise of 18.2%–33.8% current N input through basal application with topdressing at heading stage and combining the selection of a suitable type of fertilizer as base fertilizer.
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