• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
许仙菊, 马洪波, 宁运旺, 汪吉东, 张永春. 缓释氮肥运筹对稻麦轮作周年作物产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(2): 307-316. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14455
引用本文: 许仙菊, 马洪波, 宁运旺, 汪吉东, 张永春. 缓释氮肥运筹对稻麦轮作周年作物产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(2): 307-316. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14455
XU Xian-ju, MA Hong-bo, NING Yun-wang, WANG Ji-dong, ZHANG Yong-chun. Effects of slow-released nitrogen fertilizers with different application patterns on crop yields and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in rice-wheat rotation system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(2): 307-316. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14455
Citation: XU Xian-ju, MA Hong-bo, NING Yun-wang, WANG Ji-dong, ZHANG Yong-chun. Effects of slow-released nitrogen fertilizers with different application patterns on crop yields and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in rice-wheat rotation system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(2): 307-316. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14455

缓释氮肥运筹对稻麦轮作周年作物产量和氮肥利用率的影响

Effects of slow-released nitrogen fertilizers with different application patterns on crop yields and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in rice-wheat rotation system

  • 摘要: 【目的】稻麦轮作是我国一种重要的农业种植模式。缓/控释肥作为高效兼环境友好的肥料类型,在多种作物单季种植上具有增产和提高肥效的作用,但是缓释肥在周年轮作体系中的肥效研究鲜有报道。因此研究稻麦轮作体系中的肥料施用模式,有助于提高稻麦产量,降低化肥用量,提高化肥利用率。【方法】本文通过稻麦轮作两周年四季作物的田间小区试验,以不施氮和习惯施氮为对照,研究了4种不同缓释肥减氮处理进口树脂包膜尿素减氮24.3%、 国产硫包衣尿素减氮24.3%、 国产尿素加NAM(长效氮肥添加剂)减氮24.3%和国产尿素加NAM减氮10.8%对水稻和小麦产量、 氮肥利用率、 第二周年稻麦收获后土壤养分含量和两周年土壤氮养分表观平衡的影响。【结果】与不施氮对照相比,所有施氮处理均提高了两周年稻麦4季作物产量,习惯施氮增产幅度最高,小麦的氮肥增产效果总体高于水稻,第二周年高于第一周年; 与当地习惯施氮量相比,所有的缓释氮肥减氮24.3%或10.8%处理均无显著降低两季小麦产量,进口树脂包膜尿素减氮24.3%处理和国产尿素加NAM减氮10.8%处理也无显著降低两季水稻产量,但是国产尿素加NAM减氮24.3%处理显著降低了第二季水稻产量,国产硫包衣尿素减氮24.3%显著降低了两季水稻产量; 与当地习惯施氮量相比,4个缓释氮肥减氮处理均提高了第一和第二周年氮肥利用率,显著降低了两周年稻田土壤养分氮盈余量,其中国产尿素加NAM减氮24.3%处理氮肥利用率较高,同时土壤氮盈余量较少,说明缓释氮肥减量在提高肥料利用率和降低氮的环境效应上具有一致的优势; 不同缓释氮肥对土壤养分含量的影响无明显规律性。【结论】在目前稻麦轮作体系中,缓释氮肥减施对小麦产量具有较好的稳定效果,但是个别缓释氮肥减施对水稻有减产风险,有必要依据稻田土壤氮素转化特点,研制水稻专用缓释氮肥,适当降低水稻季缓释氮肥的施用量。

     

    Abstract: 【Objectives】Rice-wheat rotation is one of the most important agricultural cultivation systems in China where large amounts of fertilizer are applied. Yield increases of rice and wheat, decrease of fertilizer application amount, and increase of fertilizer use efficiency can benefit from research on application patterns and methods of various fertilizers in such rice-wheat rotation regions. Slow-released fertilizers as nutrient-efficient and environment-friendly fertilizers have been extensively reported to function in increasing yields and fertilizer use efficiencies in various crop species. However, less attention is paid to effects of slow-released fertilizers in crop rotation system, especially rice-wheat rotation system which is the most important rotation system in southern China. 【Methods】Here, the effects of different slow-released fertilizers on the yields of rice and wheat, the use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, the contents of soil nutrients, and the soil nitrogen balance were studied through a two-year field plot experiment of the rice-wheat rotation. There were six experimental treatments including no nitrogen, custom fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer Ⅰ (20% common urea + 80% sulfur coated urea), slow-release fertilizer Ⅱ (20% common urea + 80% polymer coated urea), slow-release fertilizer Ⅲ (common urea + 0.8% NAM) and slow-release fertilizer Ⅳ (common urea + 0.8% NAM). Among them, the nitrogen application amounts of the slow-release fertilizer Ⅰ, slow-release fertilizer Ⅱ and slow-release fertilizer Ⅲ were reduced by 24.3%, and the nitrogen application amount of slow-release fertilizer Ⅳ was reduced by 10.8%. 【Results】Compared with the no nitrogen application, all treatments with the nitrogen application increase the yields of wheat and rice in every year. Among these treatments, the custom fertilizer shows the highest yield increases. The effects of the fertilizer are more significant on wheat than on rice and in the second year than in the first year. Compared with the accustomed fertilization application, the decreases of the N application by 24.3% or 10.8% do not decrease wheat yields in two seasons for all investigated slow-released fertilizers, and the reductions of the nitrogen application by 24.3% using polymer coated urea and by 10.8% using common urea + NAM also do not decrease rice yields in two seasons. However, when the N application of slow-released fertilizers is reduced by 24.3%, the rice yields are decreased in the second season using the common urea + NAM, and in two seasons using the sulfur coated urea. The nitrogen fertilizer use efficiencies of all investigated slow-released fertilizers are higher than those of the accustomed fertilization application, and at the same time, there is less soil remaining nitrogen in the all treatments of the slow-release fertilizers compared with the accustomed fertilization application. Among 4 slow-release fertilizers, the slow-release fertilizer Ⅲ shows higher nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and less soil remaining nitrogen, indicating its potential in the rice-wheat rotation system for increasing nitrogen use efficiency and decreasing nitrogen loss. No obvious change patterns are found in the effects of different slow-released fertilizers on soil nutrient contents.【Conclusions】These results suggest that, in the present condition of the rice-wheat rotation system, the slow-released fertilizers exhibit better effects on wheat than on rice, as the reduction of N application amount for some slow-released fertilizers decreases rice yields. Thus, it seems necessary to research and develop the specific slow-released fertilizers suitable for rice.

     

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