• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
谭杰, 孔凡磊, 曾晖, 袁继超. 川中丘陵春玉米适宜钾肥用量研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(3): 838-846. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14475
引用本文: 谭杰, 孔凡磊, 曾晖, 袁继超. 川中丘陵春玉米适宜钾肥用量研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(3): 838-846. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14475
TAN Jie, KONG Fan-lei, ZENG Hui, YUAN Ji-chao. The suitable potassium fertilizer rate in spring maize in hilly area of central Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(3): 838-846. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14475
Citation: TAN Jie, KONG Fan-lei, ZENG Hui, YUAN Ji-chao. The suitable potassium fertilizer rate in spring maize in hilly area of central Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(3): 838-846. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14475

川中丘陵春玉米适宜钾肥用量研究

The suitable potassium fertilizer rate in spring maize in hilly area of central Sichuan Basin, China

  • 摘要: 【目的】采用两年田间定位试验,探讨施钾量对川中丘陵春玉米产量、 钾素吸收和利用特性的影响规律,以期为川中丘陵高产春玉米的钾肥管理提供科学依据。【方法】以正红505为试验材料,在施N 225 kg/hm2、 P2O5 90 kg/hm2的基础上,设置5个施钾量(K2O)处理,分别为0、 45、 90、 135、 180 kg/hm2,每个处理3次重复,完全随机区组设计。在玉米大喇叭口期、 吐丝期、 灌浆期(吐丝后21天)和成熟期采集植株样品,测定干物质积累量和器官含钾量,并计算植株钾积累量、 钾素利用和转运,在玉米成熟期测定玉米产量。【结果】随施钾量的增加春玉米产量、 钾素农学利用率先升高后逐渐降低,钾生理效率、 钾素利用效率和钾素当季回收率随施钾量的增加呈降低趋势,钾素吸收效率、 钾肥偏生产力随施钾量的增加显著降低,增施钾肥对钾素收获指数影响不显著。通过二次曲线模拟,在施钾量为K2O 96.1 kg/hm2时玉米产量最高,达到最高产量时,每生产100 kg玉米籽粒需吸收K2O 1.55 kg。玉米植株对钾素的吸收主要在吐丝之前,其吸收量占全生育期总量的72.7%~88.9%,灌浆初期也仍有较大量的吸收积累; 籽粒中的钾素大部分来源于营养器官的转移,施用钾肥促进了钾素向籽粒的转运。【结论】本试验条件下,川中丘陵春玉米施K2O为90 kg/hm2左右时,可获得较高钾肥利用率,并获得高产。

     

    Abstract: 【Objectives】 A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2013 and 2014) to study the suitable potassium application rate for high grain yield and potassium (K) use efficiency, to provide a scientific basis for K management in spring maize production in the hilly area of central Sichuan Basin, China. 【Methods】 A spring maize cultivar Zhenghong 505 was used, and a randomized complete block experiment was conducted with five K2O application rates of 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 kg/hm2, in the base of application of N 225 kg/hm2 and P2O5 90 kg/hm2, respectively. Plant samples were collected in big trumpet period, silking stage, filling stage, mature stage for the determination of plant dry weight and K contents. The plant K accumulation, K translocation and use efficiency were calculated.【Results】As applied K increasing from 0 to 180 kg/hm2, the grain yield and the agronomic efficiency of K increased first, then gradually decreased; the K physiological efficiency and K recovery efficiency decreased. The K uptake efficiency, K fertilizer efficiency and partial factor productivity reduced significantly except K harvest index. According to the simulated results, the maximum grain yield of maize would be obtained in K2O application rate of 96.1 kg/hm2. For production of 100-kilogram grain, it needs to absorb K2O of 1.55 kg. K was mainly absorbed before silking stage, the percentage was 72.7%-88.9% of total K uptake, in early filling stage there was still a relatively high absorption and accumulation. Most K in grains came from transfer from nutritive organ, and higher application of potassium fertilizer resulted in higher potassium transfer to grains.【Conclusions】 Under the experimental condition, the optimal K fertilizer rate was K2O 90 kg/hm2 for high yield and high K use efficiency.

     

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