• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
汪新颖, 周志霞, 王玉莲, 吉艳芝, 尹兴, 马文奇, 张丽娟. 不同施肥深度红地球葡萄对15N的吸收、分配与利用特性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(3): 776-785. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15086
引用本文: 汪新颖, 周志霞, 王玉莲, 吉艳芝, 尹兴, 马文奇, 张丽娟. 不同施肥深度红地球葡萄对15N的吸收、分配与利用特性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(3): 776-785. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15086
WANG Xin-ying, ZHOU Zhi-xia, WANG Yu-lian, JI Yan-zhi, YIN Xing, MA Wen-qi, ZHANG Li-juan. Characteristics of absorption, distribution and utilization of 15N in Red Globle Grape under fertilizer application in different depths[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(3): 776-785. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15086
Citation: WANG Xin-ying, ZHOU Zhi-xia, WANG Yu-lian, JI Yan-zhi, YIN Xing, MA Wen-qi, ZHANG Li-juan. Characteristics of absorption, distribution and utilization of 15N in Red Globle Grape under fertilizer application in different depths[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(3): 776-785. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15086

不同施肥深度红地球葡萄对15N的吸收、分配与利用特性

Characteristics of absorption, distribution and utilization of 15N in Red Globle Grape under fertilizer application in different depths

  • 摘要: 【目的】研究不同施肥深度葡萄对氮素吸收、 利用和分配的影响,为指导葡萄科学合理地施用氮肥提供依据。【方法】以河北葡萄主产区怀来地区15年生红地球葡萄为试材,通过不同深度(0 cm、 20 cm、 40 cm)春施15N-尿素,分析葡萄树体15N的吸收、 分配和利用规律。【结果】20 cm中层施肥红地球葡萄的产量最优,达22.77 t/hm2,果实Vc含量最高,达117.2 mg/kg,与表层(0 cm)施肥(产量16.22 t/hm2和Vc 103.8 mg/kg)和40 cm深层施肥(产量19.32 t/hm2和Vc 102.3 mg/kg)均存在显著差异;各生育期细根及其他各器官的Ndff 20 cm中层施肥均显著高于表层(0 cm)和深层(40 cm)施肥; 3个施肥深度,植株各器官在同一时期的15N分配率无显著差异,且整个生育期各器官15N分配率表现出相同的趋势,可见不同的施肥深度对 15N在各器官间的迁移和分配影响较小; 植株对15N-尿素的利用率随物候期的推移均呈升高的趋势,盛花期最低,且20 cm中层施肥葡萄树体对氮素的吸收能力最强,氮素利用率最高,四个时期分别为7.36%、 14.70%、 20.24%和24.54%,均大于表层撒施(7.05%、 10.74%、 12.70%和16.54%)和40 cm深层施肥(5.39%、 7.31%、 10.93%和13.62%);果实膨大期,整株15N利用率为后部中部前部,且地上部为叶果干枝,地下部为细根粗根主根,各施肥深度表现一致,且3个不同施肥深度,同一部位植株的果实、 叶、 枝、 干和根的15N利用率均以20 cm沟施最高,显著高于表施和40 cm沟施。【结论】20 cm中层施肥葡萄树体对氮素的吸收征调能力最强,各器官的氮素利用率最高,施肥深度对红地球葡萄树体氮素的吸收、 利用具有显著的影响,对树体氮素的分配影响较小,综合考虑,河北主产区红地球葡萄以20 cm施肥深度为最佳。

     

    Abstract: 【Objectives】 This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of absorption, distribution and utilization of 15N in Globle grape under fertilizer application in different depths, whichprovided a theoretical basis for guiding the reasonable nitrogen fertilizer application for grape under field conditions. 【Methods】 The experimental material was theRed Globlegrape which was grown for 15 years in grape main producing regions of Hebei Huailai to analyze the rule of 15N uptake, distribution and use in grape trees by 15N-urea fertilizer application at different depths(0, 20, 40 cm) in spring. 【Results】The results showed that Globle grape yield and Vc content with intermediate fertilization in 20 cm depth were optimal, respectively up to 22.77 t/hm2 and 117.2 mg/kg, which had the significant differences with surface (16.22 t/hm2 and 103.8 mg/kg) and 40 cm (19.32 t/hm2 and 102.3 mg/kg) fertilizer application. The Ndff of rootlets and other organs in each growth stage with 20 cm fertilizer application was significantly higher than surface and deep fertilization application. There were no significant differences with the 15N distribution rate in different organs of grape plant during the same period in three fertilizer application depth treatments, and the rate of 15N distribution in different organs showed the same trend during the whole growth period, so the fertilization depth had little influences on migration and distribution of 15N between organs. With the process of growth, the utilization ratio of 15N-urea of grape plants in different treatments was increased gradually, which was minimum in flowering, the nitrogen uptake and use efficiencies with 20 cm fertilization were highest, which were 7.36%, 14.70%, 20.24% and 24.54% separately in four growth periods, and were larger than those with the surface fertilization (7.05%, 10.74%, 12.70% and 16.54%) and the 40 cm fertilization treatment (5.39%, 7.31%, 10.93% and 13.62%). In fruit enlargement period, the whole plant 15N distribution rates were showed as rear central front, and were as leaf fruit branches in aboveground plants, and were as rootlets coarse main in grape underground part, which were consistent with different fertilization depth treatments. From three different fertilization depth, the 15N utilization rates of the fruit, leaves, branch, stem and root of the plant in the same parts, were the highest with 20 cm fertilization by flow, which were significantly higher than that with surface and 40 cm fertilization. 【Conclusions】The abilities of nitrogen absorption and nitrogen use efficiencies in grape trees were the best with 20 cm fertilizer application, fertilizer application depth had a significant impact on nitrogen absorption and utilization of Globle grape trees, had few influences on nitrogen distribution in whole tree. Therefore, 20 cm fertilizer application treatment was the best fertization program in grape main production areas of Hebei.

     

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