• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
丁奠元, 冯浩, 赵英, 杜璇. 氨化秸秆还田对土壤孔隙结构的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(3): 650-658. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15128
引用本文: 丁奠元, 冯浩, 赵英, 杜璇. 氨化秸秆还田对土壤孔隙结构的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(3): 650-658. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15128
DING Dian-yuan, FENG Hao, ZHAO Ying, DU Xuan. Effect of ammoniated straw returning on soil pore structure[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(3): 650-658. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15128
Citation: DING Dian-yuan, FENG Hao, ZHAO Ying, DU Xuan. Effect of ammoniated straw returning on soil pore structure[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(3): 650-658. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15128

氨化秸秆还田对土壤孔隙结构的影响

Effect of ammoniated straw returning on soil pore structure

  • 摘要: 【目的】土壤孔隙性质是土壤结构性的反映,直接影响着土壤的肥力和水分有效性。定量研究氨化秸秆还田对土壤不同大小等级孔隙数量和孔隙分布的影响,可以为土壤培肥提供科学依据。【方法】采用室内试验方法,设置氨化秸秆加入量为土壤总质量的 0(CK)、 0.384%(S1)、 0.575%(S2)、 0.767%(S3)4个处理,室内培养。在培养0、60、120和180 d,取样测定土壤水分特征曲线(SWRC)数据,利用双指数土壤水分特征曲线模型(DE模型,Double-exponential water retention equation),分析氨化秸秆对土壤剩余孔隙、基质孔隙和结构孔隙的影响; 基于DE模型的微分函数,探究不同氨化秸秆处理对土壤孔隙分布的影响。【结果】不同处理的土壤水分特征曲线SWRC实测值和DE模型模拟值之间的均方根误差介于0.0036和0.0041 cm3/cm3之间,R2介于0.998和0.999之间,土壤含水量模拟值和实测值非常接近1 ∶1,表明DE模型可以准确反映添加氨化秸秆后土壤含水量随吸力的变化规律,较准确地估算土壤不同大小等级孔隙数量变化。培养120 d内,氨化秸秆对土壤剩余孔隙、基质孔隙和结构孔隙影响不显著; 培养180 d时,各处理土壤结构孔隙度表现出随着氨化秸秆添加量的增加而增加的趋势; 此时S3对土壤剩余孔隙影响不显著,显著减小了土壤的基质孔隙度(P0.05),极显著地增加了土壤的结构孔隙度(P 0.01)。在孔隙分布中,氨化秸秆促进了土壤已有孔隙向较大孔隙的发育,显著增加了土壤结构孔隙分布数量; 随着氨化秸秆添加量的增加,土壤结构孔隙的分布数量越大,且峰值出现的越早。氨化秸秆增加了土壤中有机质含量; 土壤结构孔隙和总孔隙均与有机质含量呈显著的正相关关系(P 0.05); 有机质可以黏结团聚土壤的矿物颗粒,有效地促进了土壤结构孔隙的发育; 氨化秸秆对土壤孔隙的影响随着时间的进行越来越明显。【结论】氨化秸秆增加了土壤中有机质含量,促进了土壤孔隙结构的发育,增加了土壤的结构孔隙度和总孔隙度,这对改良和培肥土壤、改善土壤耕性具有重要意义。

     

    Abstract: 【Objectives】 Property of soil pores reflects the adaptability of soil structure. Addition of organic materials into soil can improve soil structure, soil permeability, soil water holding capacity and nutrient retention capacity. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of addition of ammoniated straw on soil pore distribution and soil pore structure, especially soil total porosity, residual porosity, matrix porosity and structural porosity relative to amounts of ammoniated straw addition.【Methods】 Incubation method was used and the ammoniated straw was added inpercentages to the soil weight 0% (CK), 0.384% (S1), 0.575% (S2) and 0.767% (S3)). In 0, 60, 120 and 180 dof incubation, soil water content were measured and soil water retention curve (SWRC) were set up.Based on SWRC, the double-exponential water retention equation (DE model) was used to calculate soil residual porosity, matrix porosity and structural porosity, with which to evaluate effects of ammoniated straw on various grades of soil porosities. Meanwhile, the differential equation of the DE model was used to calculate distributions of different soil pores. 【Results】The root mean square errors of the measured and estimated SWRCs vary in the range between 0.0036 and 0.0041 cm3/cm3, the coefficients of determination R2 vary in the range between 0.998 and 0.999, and the measured and estimated water contents of SWRC are close to the line of 1 ∶1, which indicates that the DE model is good enough to be used to fit the measured SWRCs of soils mixed with ammoniated straw and to efficiently estimate the changes of different soil porosities with time. The ammoniated straw has less effect on the soil residual, matrix and structural porosities within 120 d. On the 180 d, the soil structural porosities are increased with the increase of ammoniated straw. Meanwhile, the S3 treatment has less effect on the soil residual pore, significantly decreases the soil matrix porosities (P0.05) and significantly increases the structural porosities (P0.01). All the treatments with ammoniated straw significantly increase the ranges and quantity of soil structural pores compared with CK on the 180 d. The quantity of soil structural pores is increased with the increase of ammoniated straw in the soil pore distribution, and the peak value of soil structural pores in the soil pore distribution is moved forward with the increase of ammoniated straw. The ammoniated straw significantly promotes soil pores tending to bigger ones, and the effect could be enhanced with the increase of the ammoniated straw. In addition, the ammoniated straw could increase the soil organic matter content. There is a significant positive correlation between the soil organic matter content and the soil structural porosity and as well as the soil total porosity. The relationships between the soil organic matter content and the soil residual or matrix porosities are unclear. The ammoniated straw promotes the development of soil pore structure by increasing soil organic matter content that could bond and aggregate soil particles. The ammoniated straw increases the soil total porosity by increasing soil structural porosity, and the effect becomes more significant with the time. 【Conclusions】 The ammoniated straw could promote the development of soil pore structure by increasing soil organic matter content, and significantly increase soil structural porosity and total porosity, which is of great significance in improving soil fertility and soil workability.

     

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