Abstract: 【Objectives】 Inappropriate management of irrigation and fertilization is common in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in the piedmont plain of Taihang Mountain. Overuse of fertilizers and irrigation result in severe waste of water resources and agricultural non-point source pollution. Study on the appropriate water and nitrogen combination for high yields and N-fertilizer utilization will be necessary for profitable and sustainable agricultural production in winter wheat and summer maize rotation system in the region. 【Methods】 A two-factor complete split plot field experiment was conducted for 8 successive years. The main plots were irrigation volumes: one irrigation in jointing stage (W1) and twice in jointing and flowering stages (W2) for wheat, limited water (WL) and suitable water (WS) for maize. Subplots were consist of six N rates: 0(N0), 60(N60), 120(N120), 180(N180), 240(N240) and 300(N300) kg/hm2. The yields and plant N uptakes of wheat and maize were measured. 【Results】 The annual yields and N uptakes of wheat and maize varied significantly in all treatments. The annual differences of the yields and N uptakes were smaller in W2 and WS treatments than in W1 and WL ones for all the six N rates. Whatever the irrigation treatments, the yields and N uptakes in N0 and N60 treatments generally were significantly lower than in the other ones. In the yield levels of 7.0-9.5 t/hm2 for winter wheat and 8.5-11.0 t/hm2 for summer maize, the grain yields were significantly and positively correlated with the N uptakes. 8-years’ average of yields and N uptakes in both wheat and maize were increased significantly with increased N rates, but no significant increase in yields when N rate exceeded 120 kg/hm2 for yields nor in N uptake when N rate exceeded 180 kg/hm2. For the same N rate, the crop yields and N uptakes in W2 or WS were higher than in W1 and WL. Under the two irrigation conditions, the partial factor productivities from N-fertilizer (PFPN), N-fertilizer agronomic efficiency (NAE) and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) were reduced obviously with the increase of N fertilizer rate. In the same N rate, all the three indices in W2 and WS were higher than in W1 and WL. The accumulative apparent N-fertilizer recovery efficiencies (AANRE) in the wheat-maize rotation system were also decreased obviously with the increase of N rates. Under the condition of W1+WL, the AANREs were decreased from 51.8% in N60+60 to 22.3% in N300+300, and from 57.4% to 24.6% for W2+WS. For the same N rate, the AANRE under W2+WS was higher than that under W1+WL. 【Conclusions】 The peak yields and N uptakes are obtained with twice irrigation plus N rate of 120 kg/hm2 for wheat and suitable irrigation plus N 120 kg/hm2 for maize, and the partial production efficiency, agronomy efficiency and the cumulative agronomy efficiency of N fertilizer are all maintained at higher level. Therefore, under the annual grain yield target of 16-19 t/hm2, the optimal combination of water and nitrogen for winter wheat and summer maize is twice irrigation plus N 120 kg/hm2 in the piedmont plain of Taihang Mountain over a certain period of time.