• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
孙位, 潘远智, 杨亚男, 文亚迪, 姜贝贝, 刘光立, 刘庆林. 氯化钙种球浸泡和叶面喷施提高香水百合花期和品质的研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(1): 196-207. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15367
引用本文: 孙位, 潘远智, 杨亚男, 文亚迪, 姜贝贝, 刘光立, 刘庆林. 氯化钙种球浸泡和叶面喷施提高香水百合花期和品质的研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(1): 196-207. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15367
SUN Wei, PAN Yuan-zhi, YANG Ya-lan, WEN Ya-di, JIANG Bei-bei, LIU Guang-li, LIU Qing-lin. Study on the improvement of bulb soaking and foliar spraying of CaCl2 on the flowering period and quality of Lilium casa blanca[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(1): 196-207. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15367
Citation: SUN Wei, PAN Yuan-zhi, YANG Ya-lan, WEN Ya-di, JIANG Bei-bei, LIU Guang-li, LIU Qing-lin. Study on the improvement of bulb soaking and foliar spraying of CaCl2 on the flowering period and quality of Lilium casa blanca[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(1): 196-207. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15367

氯化钙种球浸泡和叶面喷施提高香水百合花期和品质的研究

Study on the improvement of bulb soaking and foliar spraying of CaCl2 on the flowering period and quality of Lilium casa blanca

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究钙肥施用方式和浓度对香水百合生长初期和开花期内源激素和碳氮营养的动态变化,以期探讨钙对香水百合开花花期和开花品质的影响。
    方法 以香水百合(Lilium casa blanca)为材料,采用盆栽试验,配置0%、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6% 5个浓度的CaCl2溶液,采用种球浸泡(在定植前,连续浸泡10 h)和叶面喷施(在生长初期,每隔3 d喷施一次,连续喷施3次)两种方式处理。生长初期、现蕾期、初花期、盛花期和末花期分别取样,测定香水百合在开花进程中钙含量以及碳氮营养和内源激素的的动态变化。开花期测定香水百合开花形态指标(株高、茎粗、蕾长、花径、开花率和开花整齐度)和花期调控指标(开花持续天数、到花日数)。
    结果 1)在处理浓度范围内,CaCl2溶液浸泡处理水平与株高、蕾长、花径呈显著正相关,与茎粗呈极显著负相关,而叶面喷施处理的钙水平与株高、茎粗、蕾长和花径均呈极显著正相关。浸泡浓度在1.2%和喷施浓度在1.6%时,开花率较高,而浸泡浓度为0.8%和喷施浓度为1.6%时,开花整齐度高。浸泡与喷施处理浓度均与到花日数和现蕾天数呈极显著负相关,与末花天数和开花持续天数呈极显著正相关。2)在开花时期,低浓度种球浸泡间(0.4%与0.8%处理)百合叶片的钙含量差异不显著,而高浓度种球浸泡(1.6%)和高浓度叶面喷施(1.6%)钙含量开始下降。3)两种处理方式下,CaCl2溶液处理浓度与开花期吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素(ZR)、玉米素/脱落酸(ZR/ABA)和(吲哚乙酸+赤霉素)/脱落酸((IAA+GA3)/ABA)呈显著正相关,与ABA、IAA/GA3和IAA/ZR呈显著负相关,采用叶面喷施效果更是达到极显著水平。施钙提高了开花前期百合叶片IAA含量(15.77%~42.93%)、GA3含量(35.57%~65.67%),降低了ABA含量(66.14%~26.27%),使花期提前。施钙处理提高了开花后期ZR含量(46.66%~60.42%),香水百合开花持续天数延长了3~11 d。4)CaCl2浸泡处理的钙水平与百合叶片中可溶性糖呈显著正相关,与可溶性蛋白和总糖/全氮比值相关不显著。CaCl2喷施处理的钙水平与可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和总糖/全氮比均呈极显著正相关。种球浸泡和叶面喷湿均可促进开花前中期可溶性糖和淀粉含量的积累,叶面喷施百合盛花期叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量较浸泡处理平均高22.5%,百合花衰老推迟3~5 d。
    结论 种球浸泡和叶面喷施CaCl2溶液均可提高香水百合开花品质,提前开花期,延长开花持续天数。种球浸泡处理对促进香水百合开花和提高开花品质的效果较好,高浓度种球浸泡(1.6%)可显著提高香水百合的株高、蕾长和花径,低浓度种球浸泡(0.4%)可促使百合开花期提前。叶面喷施CaCl2溶液在提高香水百合开花率,延长开花持续天数上效果明显,中浓度种球浸泡(1.2%)和高浓度叶面喷施(1.6%)更适宜对香水百合开花和花期调节。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The experiment was to study the effects of calcium supplemental levels and methods on the dynamics of endogenous hormones and nutrition during the flowering period of Lilium casa blanca, toprovide a cost effective way for high quality of blossom production.
    Methods Pot experiments were conducted using Lilium casa blancaas materials. The CaCl2was supplied by soaking bulbs for 10 h before planting and foliar spraying 3 times in interval of 3 days during the initial growing stage. The tested CaCl2levels included 0,0.4%,0.8%,1.2%,1.6% for both the supplying ways. The growth and flower shape indicators (plant height, stem diameter, bud length, flower diameter, blossom rate, blossom cleanliness) and the flowering period indicators (days to blossom, flower lasing days) were investigated. The endogenous hormones and carbon andnitrogen nutrient contents during whole flowering phase were analyzed.
    Results 1) In bulb soaking treatment,the Ca levels were significantly and positively correlated with the plant height, bud length and flower diameter, butextremely significant and negatively correlated with the stem diameter. In spraying foliar treatment, the Ca levelswere highly significant and positively correlated with plant height, stem diameter, bud length and flower diameter.Bulb soaking with 1.2% and foliar spraying with 1.6% of CaCl2had the highest blossom rate, and bulb soakingwith 0.8% and foliar spraying with 1.6% of CaCl2had the highest blossom cleanliness. The CaCl2levels in bothbulk soaking and foliar spraying treatments were extremely significantly negative correlated with the days toflower, days of squaring, and extremely significantly positive correlated with the days to end flowering and the days of blossom. 2) During flowering, the differences in leaf Ca content were significant between Ca level of 0.4% and 0.8% in bulb soaking treatment, and the leaf Ca content declined when the bulbs were soaked in 1.6% or foliarsprayed with 1.6% of CaCl2. 3) In both the bulb soaking and foliar spraying treatments, the contents of IAA, GA3,ZR, ZR/ABA, (IAA + GA3)/ABA were significantly and positively correlated with the CaCl2levels, and those ofABA, IAA/GA3, IAA/ZR were significantly and negatively correlated with CaCl2levels. Calcium supplements improved the contents of IAA (15.77%-42.93%), GA3(35.57%-65.67%) in the early stage of the bloom, anddecreased those of ABA (66.14%-26.27%). As a result, the days to flower were earlier. Calciumsupplements increased the contents of ZR (46.66%-60.42%) in the end stage of the bloom, and as a result, thedays of blossom were prolonged from 3 to 11 days. 4) In bulb soaking treatment, the soluble sugar contents were significantly and positively correlated with CaCl2levels, but the contents of protein, the ratio of total sugarand total N were not significantly correlated. While for foliar spraying treatments, the correlations were allsignificant and positive. Both bulb soaking and foliar spraying of calcium increased the soluble sugar and starchcontents in the early stage of bloom. During full blossom stage, the soluble protein content treated with foliarspraying was 22.5% higher than that treated with bulb soaking, and the flower of Lilium casa blanca lasted3-5days more.
    Conclusions Bulk soaking with CaCl2solution has positive effect in increasing the blossom quality of Lilium casa blanca, advancing the days to blossom, and delaying the aging of Lilium casa blanca. Bulbsoaking with 1.6% CaCl2solution will increase plant height, bud length and flower diameter, with the 0.4% CaCl2solution will lead to earlier blossom stage. Foliar spraying of CaCl2solution performs better in increasing theblossom rate and prolonging the blossom days. Generally, bulb soaking with 1.2% and foliar spraying with 1.6%CaCl2solution are recommended for satisfactory flowering of Lilium casa blanca.

     

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