• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
刘红芳, 宋阿琳, 范分良, 李兆君, 梁永超. 施硅对水稻白叶枯病抗性及叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(3): 768-775. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15511
引用本文: 刘红芳, 宋阿琳, 范分良, 李兆君, 梁永超. 施硅对水稻白叶枯病抗性及叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(3): 768-775. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15511
LIU Hong-fang, SONG A-lin, FAN Fen-liang, LI Zhao-jun, LIANG Yong-chao. Effects of silicon application on resistance against bacterial blight and antioxidant defense activities of rice leaves[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(3): 768-775. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15511
Citation: LIU Hong-fang, SONG A-lin, FAN Fen-liang, LI Zhao-jun, LIANG Yong-chao. Effects of silicon application on resistance against bacterial blight and antioxidant defense activities of rice leaves[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(3): 768-775. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15511

施硅对水稻白叶枯病抗性及叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响

Effects of silicon application on resistance against bacterial blight and antioxidant defense activities of rice leaves

  • 摘要: 【目的】水稻白叶枯病是一种细菌性枯萎病害,是限制水稻生产的重要生物因素之一。通过田间接种白叶枯病菌,研究施硅对水稻叶片中丙二醛含量及抗氧化系统酶活性的影响及其抗白叶枯病的机理,为安全有效的防治病害提供理论依据。【方法】以唐粳2号水稻品种为材料,2013年在河北省秦皇岛市进行田间试验,试验在两个施氮水平 N 180 kg/hm2(正常供氮,N180), 450 kg/hm2(高量供氮,N450)下设3个硅处理不施硅(-Si),施硅酸钠(Si1, 以SiO2计,70 kg/hm2), 施硅钙肥(Si2, 以SiO2计,70 kg/hm2),在水稻孕穗期采用剪叶法接种白叶枯病菌,研究硅对接种后30 d水稻病情指数和第1 d、 3 d、 5 d、 7 d和10 d水稻叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量、 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、 过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、 抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性的影响。【结果】接种白叶枯病菌后,正常供氮水平,施硅处理的病情指数比不施硅处理平均降低17.8%(P0.05); 高量供氮水平,施硅钙肥的病情指数比不施硅降低15.1%(P0.05),而施硅酸钠的病情指数差异不显著。接种白叶枯病菌后,施硅处理的水稻叶片MDA均低于不施硅处理,且在正常供氮水平第7 d和高量供氮水平第3 d、 第7 d差异达显著水平。接种白叶枯病菌后,正常供氮水平第1 d、 第7 d和高量供氮水平第1 d、 第5 d,施硅处理的水稻叶片中SOD活性均显著高于不施硅处理,且第1 d施硅钙肥的叶片SOD显著高于施硅酸钠处理; 接种白叶枯病菌后,施硅处理的水稻叶片中CAT活性均高于不施硅处理,但未达显著水平; 高量供氮水平第1 d、 第7 d和第10 d施硅处理的水稻叶片中APX活性均显著高于不施硅处理。【结论】施硅能提高感病水稻叶片中SOD、 CAT和APX的活性,降低水稻叶片中MDA含量,有效清除植物体内活性氧(ROS),从而增强了水稻抗白叶枯病的能力; 在高量供氮水平下,硅钙肥抵御白叶枯病效果好于硅酸钠。

     

    Abstract: 【Objectives】 Bacterial blight of rice is a bacterial wilt disease in the world, which is one of the important biological factors limiting rice yield. By inoculating Xoo into leaves of field-grown rice, we investigated the effect of silicon on concentration of malondialdehyde and activities of antioxidant defense enzymes in rice leaves and the underlying mechanism of Xoo resistance to provide theoretical basis for safe and effective prevention and control measures for the disease. 【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted in Qinhuangdao, Hebei province in 2013. Rice was grown with no Si (-Si), sodium silicate at 70 kg/hm2 (Si1, SiO2) and calcium silicon fertilizer at 70 kg/hm2 (Si2, SiO2) at two nitrogen levels, i.e. 180 kg/hm2 (N180, normal N) and 450 kg/hm2 (N450, high N). The rice variety used was a japonica (Oryza sativa cv. Tang No.2). Five to six of the uppermost fully expanded leaves of each rice plant at the booting stage were inoculated by using leaf clipping method, in which the leaf blade was cut with a pair of scissors pre-dipped in the bacterial suspension. The effect of silicon on rice disease index was examined 30 days after inoculation, and the effect of silicon on the concentration of malondialdehyde and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) in rice leaves was analyzed at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after inoculation. 【Results】 After inoculation with leaf blight pathogen, under the normal N level, on the average disease index of Si-treated plants was 17.8% lower than that of Si-untreated plants (P0.05), while under the high N level, the disease index of calcium silicate-treated plants was 15.1% lower than that of Si-untreated plants (P0.05), and the index of sodium silicate-treated plants was statistically insignificant. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in silicon-treated plants was lower than that in silicon-untreated plants 7 days after inoculation under the normal nitrogen level (P0.05), and so was it at 3 and 7 days after inoculation under the high nitrogen level. The activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD) in silicon-treated plants was significantly higher than that in silicon-untreated plants 7 days after inoculation under the normal N level, and so was it 1 and 5 days after inoculation under the high N level. The SOD activity was significantly higher in calcium silicate-treated plants than in sodium silicate-treated plants 1 day after inoculation. The activity of catalase (CAT) in the Si-treated plants was higher than that in the Si-untreated plants, though the difference was not statistically significant. The activity of ascobic peroxidase (APX) in the Si-treated plants was significantly higher than that in the Si-untreated plants 1, 7, and 10 days after inoculation under the high N level.【Conclusions】 Addition of silicon fertilizer can enhance the activities of SOD, CAT and APX and reduce the concentration of MDA of rice leaves in the field condition, thus effectively eliminating reactive oxygen species and improving resistance against bacterial blight. Under the high N level, calcium silicate is more effective in increasing resistance against bacterial blight than sodium silicate.

     

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