缺氮胁迫下含Na<sup>+</sup>叶面肥对花生生长的抑制及补氮后的恢复效应

沈浦; 冯昊; 罗盛; 于天一; 郑永美; 吴正锋; 陈殿绪; 孙学武; 王才斌; 郑亚萍

doi:10.11674/zwyf.16013

缺氮胁迫下含Na⁺叶面肥对花生生长的抑制及补氮后的恢复效应

Inhibition of Na⁺-containing foliar fertilizer on peanut growth under N deficiency stress and recovery effect by supplemental N spraying

摘要

摘要:
目的叶面肥中的钠离子（Na⁺）大多为伴随离子，其对作物的影响通常被忽视。实践中，Na⁺对作物的作用包括促进和抑制两方面，取决于作物营养生理状况。研究Na⁺对花生的抑制与缺氮（N）胁迫的关系，探索补施氮素对上述抑制作用的恢复效应，可为花生高效合理施肥提供理论依据。
方法盆栽试验在山东省花生研究所人工气候室内进行，设喷施肥料中含Na⁺0、2.0、10.0 mg/pot 3个水平，依次记为T0、T1和T2。测定了花生叶片光合作用、茎叶及根干物质累积、根系形态特性和养分吸收，比较了缺氮胁迫（T0、T1、T2）和后期补施尿素态N（T0-N、T1-N、T2-N）条件下Na⁺对花生影响的差异，并深入分析花生Na吸收与干物质累积和氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）养分吸收的相关关系。
结果1）缺氮胁迫条件下，叶面喷施Na⁺显著抑制了花生的光合作用，净光合速率由CO₂ 11.4 μM/（m²·s）下降到CO₂ 6.7~7.5 μM/（m²·s）。茎叶和根干重T0（6.4和2.4 g/pot）>T1（5.7和1.9 g/pot）>T2（5.3和1.5 g/pot）。与T0相比，根总长度、总表面积和总体积T1处理下降了7.8%~10.5%，T2处理显著下降了27.5%~31.8%。植株Na与N、K含量呈显著负相关关系（P < 0.05），花生Na吸收量每增加1.0 mg/pot，植株总的N、K吸收量分别下降26.6和20.9 mg/pot。2）后期补充喷施氮素条件下，施Na⁺处理花生茎叶干物重比不施Na⁺处理增加了20.3%~25.8%。补施氮素后，施Na⁺促进了茎叶对N、P、K的吸收，N的吸收量增加了9.2%~19.2%，P增加了20.0%~42.3%，K增加了21.4%~24.0%。相关性分析表明，花生植株总干物重及P、K含量在补施氮素后与Na含量呈显著正相关关系（P < 0.05）。
结论Na⁺对花生生长及养分吸收的影响与氮素营养有关。在缺氮胁迫下，Na⁺对花生的生长为抑制作用，抑制程度随喷施量增加而加重，高浓度Na⁺显著抑制根茎叶干物质的累积和N、K养分的吸收。补施氮肥提高了花生植株对Na⁺的适应性，恢复了光合作用及养分吸收能力，消除了Na胁迫的危害作用，产生“N-Na”协同促进效应。

Abstract:
ObjectivesSodium (Na⁺) is often contained as counterion in foliar fertilizers, so its effect on crop growth is least considered during fertilization. Na⁺plays both promotion and inhibition roles on crop growth, depending on the plant nutrition and physiology status. The inhibition role of Na⁺was studied on peanut exposure to Na⁺stress, and the recovery effect of supplemental spraying N to the inhibition was also investigated.
MethodsA pot experiment was conducted inside the growth chamber located in Shandong Peanut Research Institute. Three levels of Na⁺were designed in the foliar fertilizer:Na⁺0, 2.0 and 10.0 mg/pot, and recorded as T0, T1 and T2 in turn. The peanut photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, root morphology, nutrient absorption were investigated in both N deficit stresses (T0, T1, T2) and later urea supplement (T0-N, T1-N, T2-N). The effect of Na absorption on the N, P and K absorption was analyzed.
Results1) Without N supplement, the net photosynthetic rates were significantly decreased from 11.4 CO₂ μM/(m²·s) to 6.7-7.5 CO₂ μM/(m²·s) in Na containing treatments, the dry weights of shoot and root were in order of T0 (6.4 and 2.4 g/pot) > T1 (5.7 and 1.9 g/pot) > T2 (5.3 and 1.5 g/pot). Total root length, surface area, and volume in T1 and T2 treatments were decreased by 7.8%-10.5% and 27.5%-31.8% compared with T0. 2) With later supplement of N, Na⁺inhibition in photosynthesis was recovered quickly. The shoot dry weights in T1-N and T2-N treatments were increased by 20.3%-25.8% compared with T0-N. The inhibition of Na⁺became promotion of N, P, K absorption. The shoot N, P, K absorptions in T1-N and T2-N treatments were respectively increased by 9.2%-19.2%, 20.0%-42.3%, 21.4%-24.0% compared with T0-N. The total dry weight of peanut and N, K absorptions were positively correlated with Na⁺(P < 0.05).
ConclusionsUnder N deficit, Na⁺shows inhibition effect on the growth and nutrient absorption of peanut and the effect will become exaggerated with the increased Na⁺contents in fertilizers.This inhibition will be remarkably correlated by later supplement of N, and the inhibition role will change to promotion role of Na⁺. Therefore, application of Na⁺containing fertilizer, especially those with high Na⁺concentration, should consider the N supply in order to relieve the possibly harmful effect of Na⁺.

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缺氮胁迫下含Na+叶面肥对花生生长的抑制及补氮后的恢复效应

Inhibition of Na+-containing foliar fertilizer on peanut growth under N deficiency stress and recovery effect by supplemental N spraying

缺氮胁迫下含Na⁺叶面肥对花生生长的抑制及补氮后的恢复效应

Inhibition of Na⁺-containing foliar fertilizer on peanut growth under N deficiency stress and recovery effect by supplemental N spraying