Abstract:
ObjectivesAbout 1110 "3414" field experiments were conducted in Jilin Province during 2005-2013, the data were collected in this paper to evaluate effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer application on maize yields, economic benefit and current fertilizer use efficiencies, aiming to clarify the present fertilization effect and fertilizer use efficiency in maize production of Jilin Province, and to provide reference for reasonable fertilizer application and allocation.
MethodsThe five treatments, N0P0K0, N0P2K2, N2P0K2, N2P2K2 and N2P2K0, in the "3414" field experiments of maize were chosen. The maize yields, gross income, fertilizer profit and input-output ratio were investigated, the yield responses to N, P and K fertilizers and the nutrient agronomic efficiency (AE), partial factor productivity (PFP) and fertilizer contribution rate (FCR) were also compared.
ResultsIn the CK treatment, on average, the grain yield and gross income was 6.6 t/ha and 1.21×103 yuan/hm2, respectively. Fertilization treatments increased the maize yield and economic benefit significantly with the highest yield level of 10.1 t/hm2 and fertilizer profit of 5.07×103 yuan/hm2 in the N2P2K2 treatment, followed in turn by the N2P2K0 treatment (8.9 t/hm2 and 3.27×103 yuan/hm2), the N2P0K2 treatment (8.7 t/hm2 and 2.83×103 yuan/hm2) and the N0P2K2 treatment (7.7 t/hm2 and 1.39×103 yuan/hm2). On the basis of other nutrient applied, the average yield increases resulted from N, P and K fertilizer application were 2.36 t/hm2 (35.1%), 1.39 t/hm2 (18.0%) and 1.18 t/hm2 (14.9%), respectively, and the average fertilization profits were 3.68×103, 2.24×103 and 1.80×103 yuan/hm2, respectively. The averaged AEs were 14.3 kg/kg N, 20.5 kg/kg P2O5 and 17.2 kg/kg K2O, respectively; The averaged PFPs of N, P and K fertilizer were 61.1, 146.4 and 142.4 kg/kg nutrient, respectively, and the corresponding fertilizer contribution were 23.4%, 14.1% and 11.9% respectively. The FCR of the N2P2K2 treatments showed a significant downtrend with increasing maize yield in the CK treatment (or the corresponding nutrient omission treatment), and the relationship imitated using a logarithmic function model indicated that enhancing soil indigenous fertility could reduce the yield dependence on inorganic fertilizers.
ConclusionsThe fertilization responses and fertilizer use efficiencies of maize are relatively high in Jilin Province compared with the national average level of China, the nitrogen fertilizer contribution is still higher than those of P and K fertilizers. Thus, N management should be still strengthened for maintaining high yield and improving N efficiency. The balanced and appropriate fertilization technologies still need to be spread for the simultaneous improvement of crop yield, fertilizer use efficiency and soil fertility.
下载: