包膜材料γ-聚谷氨酸对菜心的农学效应

黄巧义; 唐拴虎; 李苹; 付弘婷; 张木; 黄旭; 易琼; 张发宝

doi:10.11674/zwyf.16048

包膜材料γ-聚谷氨酸对菜心的农学效应

Agronomic effects of coating material γ-polyglutamic acid on Chinese flowering cabbage

摘要

摘要:
目的考察施用γ-聚谷氨酸（γ-PGA）对菜心生长、产量、品质和养分吸收的影响，揭示γ-PGA的农学施用效应。
方法在酸性土壤（pH 5.89）和强酸性土壤（pH 4.85）以菜心为供试作物进行盆栽试验。在常规施肥（施N 1.33 g/kg土，分5次施入土壤）的基础上，设不施γ-PGA包裹型肥料（T1）、分5次施用γ-PGA 0.53 mg/kg土（T2）和1.06 mg/kg（T3）、在定苗一周后一次性淋施γ-PGA 0.53 mg/kg土（T4）和1.06 mg/kg土（T5）5个处理。调查了菜心根系活力、养分含量、养分吸收累积量、叶片抗氧化系统、菜心产量及品质。
结果酸性、强酸性土壤上，γ-PGA处理（T2、T3、T4、T5）的伤流强度均高于T1，且T3、T4、T5的伤流液氨基酸输出强度显著高于T1，平均增幅分别达到38.1%、33.2%、44.2%（P < 0.05）。酸性土壤上，T2、T3、T4、T5处理的菜心钙、镁含量显著高于T1（P < 0.05），菜心钙的增幅分别为29.6%、21.8%、26.4%、22.7%，镁的增幅分别为11.7%、8.3%、22.2%、16.7%，锌、锰也有一定程度的提高；强酸性土壤上不同处理的菜心养分含量没有差异。T2、T3、T4、T5处理的氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铜、锌、铁、锰累积量均显著高于T1；T4、T5处理的菜心叶片可溶性蛋白显著高于T1（P < 0.05），T2、T3、T4、T5处理的菜心叶片CAT活性显著高于T1（P < 0.05）；而酸性土壤上，仅T3处理的菜心叶片CAT活性显著高于T1处理（P < 0.05）。酸性、强酸性土壤上，T3、T4处理的菜心叶片SOD活性显著高于T1（P < 0.05）；不同处理的菜心叶片POD活性没有差异；T2、T3、T4、T5处理的菜心产量均显著高于T1（P < 0.05），在酸性土壤上增幅分别为4.4%、7.3%、12.2%、12.3%，强酸性土壤上分别为9.7%、14.2%、12.2%、12.39%。两种类型土壤上，T2、T3、T4、T5处理的菜心地上部分和根系生物量均显著高于T1处理（P < 0.05）。T4、T5处理的Vc含量和游离氨基酸含量显著高于T1（P < 0.05），T2、T3、T4、T5处理的硝酸盐含量显著低于T1（P < 0.05）。γ-PGA淋施处理（T4、T5）的菜心根系活力、养分含量、养分累积量、叶片抗氧化能力、产量和品质均优于γ-PGA包裹肥料施用处理（T2、T3）。不同γ-PGA用量水平不影响菜心产量、品质、养分含量及叶片抗氧化能力。在酸性土壤上，γ-PGA对菜心养分吸收累积影响更为显著，而在强酸性土壤上，γ-PGA对菜心叶片抗氧化能力影响更突出。
结论施用γ-PGA可提高菜心根系活力，促进菜心对养分，尤其是中微量元素的吸收，并增强菜心抗逆性，产量显著提高，一次施用效果好于分多次施用。

Abstract:
ObjectivesEffects of γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) on growth, yield and quality of Chinese flowering cabbage were studied to provide a support for its use in agricultural production.
MethodsA pot experiment was conducted using Chinsese flowering cabage as tested crop in an acid soil (pH 5.89) and a strong acid soil (4.85). At the base of applying N 1.33 g/kg soil in 5 times, five treatments were designed:no γ-PGA applicaiton (T1), applying γ-PGA 0.53 mg/kg soil (T2) and 1.06 mg/kg soil (T3) in five times with N fertilization, and applying γ-PGA 0.53 mg/kg soil (T4) and 1.06 mg/kg soil (T5) once after seedling transplanting. The root activity, nutrient contents, nutrient accumulation, antioxidant system, yield and quality of Chinese flowering cabbage of each treatment were determined.
ResultsIn both the acid and strong acid soils, the bleeding intensities of Chinese flowering cabbage in T2, T3, T4 and T5 were slightly higher than that in T1, and the amino acid intensities in the bleeding sap in T3, T4 and T5 were significantly higher than in T1 (P < 0.05) with the average increased rates of 38.1%, 33.2% and 44.2%, respectively. In the acid soils, the Ca and Mg contents of Chinese flowering cabbage in T2, T3, T4 and T5 were significantly higher than that in T1 (P < 0.05), with the increased rates of 29.6%, 21.8%, 26.4%, 22.7% in acid soil and 1.7%, 8.3%, 22.2%, 16.7% in strong acid soil condition, respectively. The Zn and Mn contents in Chinese flowering cabbage were increased slightly in the treatments of T2, T3, T4 and T5 in the acid soils, no differences in strong acid soils. The accumulated amounts of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn in Chinese flowering cabbage in the acid soils and the strong acid soils were increased greatly by applying γ-PGA. In the strong acid soils, the soluble protein contents in leaves of Chinese flowering cabbage in T4 and T5 were significantly higher than that in T1, and the CAT activities in T2, T3, T4 and T5 were significantly higher than in T1 (P < 0.05). While in the acid soils, the CAT activity of leaves of Chinese flowering cabbage was increased significantly only in T3. In both the acid and strong acid soils, SOD activities of leaves of Chinese flowering cabbage were increased significantly in T3 and T4 than in T1 (P < 0.05), while not in the POD activities. The yields of T2, T3, T4 and T5 were significantly higher than in T1 (P < 0.05), with the increases rate of 4.46%, 7.3%, 12.2% and 12.3% in acid soils and 9.7%, 14.2%, 12.2% and 12.3% in strong acid soils. The aboveground and root biomass of T2, T3, T4 and T5 were significantly higher than those of T1 (P < 0.05). The VC and free amino acid contents in T4 and T5 were significantly higher than those of T1 (P < 0.05), and the nitrate contents were decreased greatly in the γ-PGA applied treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5) as compared with T1. The root activities, nutrient contents, nutrient accumulation amounts, antioxidant system, yields and quality of Chinese flowering cabbage in the γ-PGA treatments were higher than those in the γ-PGA coated fertilizer treatments. No significant differences in the yields, quality, mineral nutrition, and antioxidant system were observed among different γ-PGA dosages. The γ-PGA primary increased the uptakes of nutrients in Chinese flowering cabbage in the acid soils, while the γ-PGA mostly strengthened the antioxidant system of Chinese flowering cabbage in the strong acid soils.
ConclusionsThe γ-PGA application enhanced the root activities of Chinese flowering cabbage, increased the uptake and accumulation of mineral nutrients (bivalent cation especially) in Chinese flowering cabbage, strengthened the stress resistance of Chinese flowering cabbage, and increased the yield of Chinese flowering cabbage. Once application of γ-PGA in the tested dosage performs better than that apllied in five times.

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