• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
宋桂云, 杨恒山, 徐寿军, 侯迷红, 邰继承, 毕文波, 萨如拉. 氮肥运筹对科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米金山 10 产量、干物质及氮素积累的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(2): 289-296. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16065
引用本文: 宋桂云, 杨恒山, 徐寿军, 侯迷红, 邰继承, 毕文波, 萨如拉. 氮肥运筹对科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米金山 10 产量、干物质及氮素积累的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(2): 289-296. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16065
SONG Gui-yun, YANG Heng-shan, XU Shou-jun, HOU Mi-hong, TAI Ji-cheng, BI Wen-bo, SA Ru-la. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on yield, dry matter and N accumulation of maize cultivar Jinshan 10 used for both grain and feed purpose in Keerqin[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(2): 289-296. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16065
Citation: SONG Gui-yun, YANG Heng-shan, XU Shou-jun, HOU Mi-hong, TAI Ji-cheng, BI Wen-bo, SA Ru-la. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on yield, dry matter and N accumulation of maize cultivar Jinshan 10 used for both grain and feed purpose in Keerqin[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(2): 289-296. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16065

氮肥运筹对科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米金山 10 产量、干物质及氮素积累的影响

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on yield, dry matter and N accumulation of maize cultivar Jinshan 10 used for both grain and feed purpose in Keerqin

  • 摘要:
    目的 科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米高产栽培中偏施氮肥,有机肥施用量不足。研究氮肥运筹对科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米产量、干物质和氮素积累的影响,以期为科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米的合理施肥提供理论依据。
    方法 以粮饲兼用玉米品种金山 10 为试验材料,于 2012~2013 年进行了两季玉米田间试验。试验设 4 个处理:不施氮肥 (CK);推荐施氮量 260 kg/hm2 (R);氮肥 + 有机肥,总氮量 260 kg/hm2,其中有机肥 15000 kg/hm2,含氮量 15 kg/hm2,氮肥含氮量 245 kg/hm2 (C);农民传统施氮量 270 kg/hm2 (F)。研究不同施肥处理下粮饲兼用玉米产量结构、干物质和氮素积累特征。
    结果 四个施肥处理以有机无机肥配施处理 (C) 金山 10 产量、穗长、穗粒数和百粒重最高,其生物产量和经济产量分别比 CK 处理增加了 55.5% 和 50.8%,比推荐施氮处理 (R) 提高了 4.6% 和 6.6%,比农民传统施氮处理 (F) 增加了 3.7% 和 6.9%。有机无机肥配施处理收获后玉米秸秆中的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量比推荐施氮处理分别提高了 12.7% 和 6.7%,比农民传统施氮处理增加了 10.2% 和 5.2%。与推荐施氮和农民传统施氮方式相比,有机无机肥配施处理提高了粮饲兼用玉米吐丝前、后干物质生产,提高了吐丝后干物质积累率和干物质对产量的贡献率,同时提高了干物质和氮素的终极生长量和最大累积速率,增加干物质和氮素积累量。该处理干物质和氮素的终极生长量比其他施肥处理分别高 0.04~0.71 kg/m2 和 1.13~11.34 g/m2,干物质和氮素最大累积速率分别高 0.0162~0.0826 kg/(m2·d) 和 0.0448~0.8858 g/(m2·d)。
    结论 科尔沁地区粮饲兼用玉米高产栽培中,在不增加目前氮肥施用量的前提下,以部分有机氮替代无机氮可显著提高玉米吐丝后干物质的积累量和积累速率,在提高粮饲兼用玉米的产量的同时,也提高了秸秆的饲用品质,增加干物质和氮素积累量,是较合理的施肥方式。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Aiming at unreasonable method of applying fertilizer, such as using more N fertilizer and less organic matter, we did some research about effects of N fertilizer application on yield, dry matter and N accumulation of dual-purpose maize in Keerqin, Inner Mongolia, China. The purpose of this study was to supply the basis for reasonable application of fertilizers to high-yield cultivation of dual-purpose maize in Keerqin, Inner Mongolia.
    Methods Maize cultivar of Jinshan 10 was selected as the test material in a field experiment. Four treatments were designed, namely no N fertilizer (CK), recommended N rate of 260 kg/hm2 (R), 15 kg/hm2 N from 15000 kg/hm2 manure plus 245 kg/hm2 N from fertilizer to make a combined application (C), and farmer’s current N rate of 270 kg/hm2 (F). The yield, dry matter and N accumulation of dual-purpose maize were analyzed in consecutive two growing seasons in Keerqin.
    Results The highest spike length, spikelet number, 100-grain weight and yield were all obtained in the C treatment, in which the biomass amount was 55.5%, 4.6% and 3.7% higher than those in the CK, R and F treatments, and the grain yield was 50.8%, 6.6% and 6.9% higher than those in the CK, R and F treatments (P < 0.01). The content of crude protein and fat in stem in the C treatment were 12.7% and 6.7%, 10.2% and 5.2% higher than those in the R and F treatments. The dry matter accumulation before and after the silking stage was significantly improved, and the dry matter accumulation rate and contribution rate to grain formation after the silking were also improved in the C treatment. The dry matter and N accumulation amount was improved through its higher limited growth amount and the maximum rate, the limited growth amount of dry matter and N uptake in the C treatment were 0.04–0.71 kg/m2 and 1.13–11.34 g/m2 higher than those in other treatments, the maximum rates of dry matter and N accumulation were increased by 0.0162–0.0826 kg/(m2·d) and 0.0448–0.8858 g/(m2·d).
    Conclusions The manure N and fertilizer N combination is necessary for the dual-purpose maize production, as it can provide sufficient nutrient supply for the rapid growth and dry matter accumulation after the silking stage. With the manure and N fertilizer treatment, the last yield, the forage biomass and crude protein, crude fat content were all improved, which was good for the dual-purpose maize in Keerqin.

     

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