控释氮肥与尿素掺混比例对作物中后期土壤供氮能力和稻麦产量的影响

张敬昇; 李冰; 王昌全; 向毫; 周杨洪; 尹斌; 梁靖越; 付月君

doi:10.11674/zwyf.16099

控释氮肥与尿素掺混比例对作物中后期土壤供氮能力和稻麦产量的影响

Effects of the blending ratio of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and urea on soil nitrogen supply in the mid-late growing stage and yield of wheat and rice

摘要

摘要:
目的研究控释肥与尿素掺混比例对土壤氮含量及稻麦产量和经济效益的影响，旨在筛选综合效果最佳掺混比例，为稻麦轮作区控释氮肥推广应用提供科学依据。
方法采用稻麦轮作两季作物大田试验，以常规尿素施肥为对照，在稻、麦季施氮量均为150 kg/hm²的水平下，设定添加控释氮肥比例0、10%、20%、40%、80%、100% 6个处理，分别记为T1、T2、T3、T4、T5和T6。除T1（100%尿素）分基施和追施，其他处理氮肥均一次性基施。分析了土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量，调查了稻麦株高与生物量、产量构成以及经济效益。
结果1）添加20%以上控释氮肥时稻麦生育中后期土壤无机氮含量有显著提升，以添加40%控释氮肥（T4）处理效果最明显。2）与T1相比，添加20%比例以上控释氮肥，稻麦生育中后期的生物量与成熟期产量均显著增加，以T4处理产量最高，稻、麦季分别比常规尿素处理增产11%和14%，显著提高小麦季穗长19.19%，显著提高水稻季穗粒数与千粒重13.79%和8.43%。3）随添加控释氮肥比例增加，稻麦季经济效益均先增加后下降，T4处理经济效益最佳，较常规尿素处理，小麦季增收1108.12 yuan/hm²，提高23.24%，水稻季增收2497.80 yuan/hm²，提高14.87%。
结论以40%控释氮肥与60%尿素掺混一次性基施，可有效增加作物中后期土壤氮素供应能力，促进稻麦生长并获得显著的增产效果，还可减少人工投入或材料成本，有效提高经济效益。

Abstract:
ObjectivesEfficient use of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) and urea (UR) will improve crop growth and save the costs for the fertilization practice at the same time. So the optimum ratio of CRNF and UR was studied in wheat and rice production for high yield and profit.
MethodsOne-year field experiment was conducted in rice and wheat rotation system. Under the total N input of 150 km/hm², the addition ratio of CRNF of 0, 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, 100% was set up for both the crops, which were recorded as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. Except urea control, the N in treatments was all completely basal applied. The NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N contents of soil, plant height, biomass, yield component factors and economic benefits were calculated
Results1) In all the CRNF addition treatments, the soil inorganic nitrogen content in the mid-late stage of rice and wheat was increased significantly, with the highest increase in treatment T4 (40% CRNF). 2) When the CRNF addition was more than 20%, the rice biomass and yield were all increased significantly, compared to T1 (no CRNF addition),and the highest biomass and yield were obtained in T4 treatment, in which the rice yield was increased by 11% and wheat yield by 14% respectively. Among the yield components, the wheat spike length was elongated by 19.19%, and the grain number per panicle was increased by 13.79% and the 1000-grain weight by 8.43% respectively. 3) With the increasing of CRNF ratio, the economic benefits in both rice and wheat increased at beginning and then decreased afterwards, with the peak in T4. With T4 treatment, the income for wheat was 1108.12 yuan/hm²(increased by 23.24%) and for rice was 2497.80 yuan/hm²(increased by 14.87%), compared with T1.
ConclusionAppropriate blending of commercial urea and controlled-release urea will enhance the nitrogen supply of soil in the mid-late growing stage of rice and wheat, thus increase the yield effectively and the benefit directly. The suitable blending ratio of two kinds of nitrogen fertilizer is 40% CRNF with 60% conventional UR in the tested region.

HTML全文

参考文献(38)

施引文献

资源附件(0)