• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
刘文辉, 张英俊, 师尙礼, 孙建, 魏小星. 高寒地区燕麦 (Avena sativa L.) 人工草地生物量分配对施肥和混播措施的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(2): 398-407. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16190
引用本文: 刘文辉, 张英俊, 师尙礼, 孙建, 魏小星. 高寒地区燕麦 (Avena sativa L.) 人工草地生物量分配对施肥和混播措施的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(2): 398-407. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16190
LIU Wen-hui, ZHANG Ying-jun, SHI Shang-li, SUN Jian, WEI Xiao-xing. Effect of variety, fertilization and mixture sowing on oat biomass allocation in the alpine cultivated pasture[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(2): 398-407. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16190
Citation: LIU Wen-hui, ZHANG Ying-jun, SHI Shang-li, SUN Jian, WEI Xiao-xing. Effect of variety, fertilization and mixture sowing on oat biomass allocation in the alpine cultivated pasture[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(2): 398-407. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16190

高寒地区燕麦 (Avena sativa L.) 人工草地生物量分配对施肥和混播措施的响应

Effect of variety, fertilization and mixture sowing on oat biomass allocation in the alpine cultivated pasture

  • 摘要:
    目的了解高寒地区燕麦人工草地生物量分配格局对燕麦品种、施肥措施和混播水平的响应机制,为高寒地区人工草地建植提供依据。
    方法采用“三因素四水平”正交试验设计,包括 4 个燕麦品种,分别为青燕 1 号、林纳、青海 444、青海甜燕麦;4 种施肥措施,分别为不施任何肥料 (CK0)、尿素 75 kg/hm2 + 磷酸二铵 150 kg/hm2 (NP)、有机肥 1500 kg/hm2 (OM) 和尿素 37.5 kg/hm2 + 磷酸二铵 75 kg/hm2 + 有机肥 750 kg/hm2 (NP + OM);4 个箭筈豌豆混播水平,分别为 0、45、60、75 kg/hm2,在燕麦拔节期、抽穗期、开花期和乳熟期分别对各处理燕麦和箭筈豌豆各器官生物量进行了测定。
    结果燕麦人工草地地上生物量以青燕 1 号 (85.57%)、尿素 + 磷酸二铵 + 有机肥处理 (84.91%) 和 0 kg/hm2 混播水平 (85.81%) 时分配比例最高;地下生物量以林纳 (18.04%)、不施肥 (16.02%) 和 30 kg/hm2 混播水平 (16.29%) 时分配比例最高。茎、叶、穗和根生物量分配比例分别为 44%~48%、19%~24%、17%~22% 和 14%~18%。茎、叶、穗和地下生物量分配随季节分别呈增加、先降后增、增加和下降的变化趋势;在各因素影响下,燕麦生长前期以叶生长为主,中、后期以茎生长为主,而箭筈豌豆在生长前期以根生长为主,中、后期以叶生长为主。燕麦生物量分配在整个生育期处于优势地位,地上生物量分配始终高于地下,表现为异速生长关系。茎和地下生物量分配在生长前期和后期分别受施肥措施和品种的影响;叶生物量分配在整个生育期受混播水平的影响;燕麦穗生物量分配主要受品种和混播水平的影响。
    结论品种、施肥措施和箭筈豌豆混播水平均对高寒地区燕麦人工草地生物量分配具有显著影响,选用青燕 1 号品种,单播,配施尿素 37.5 kg/hm2、磷酸二铵 75 kg/hm2、有机肥 750 kg/hm2 时地上生物量分配最高;选用林纳,并混播 30 kg/hm2 的箭筈豌豆,采用不施肥措施时地下生物量分配最高。

     

    Abstract:
    ObjectivesThis study focused on the response of biomass allocation of oat artificial grassland in alpine region to oat variety, fertilization and common vetch mixture level for providing a theoretical basis to establish the artificial grassland.
    MethodsAccording to the orthogonal design of three factors (variety, fertilization and legume mixture) and four levels, there were four oat varieties, namelyAvena sativa L. cv. Qingyan No.1,A. sativa L. cv. Lena,A. sativa L. cv. Qinghai 444 andA. sativa L. cv. Qinghai, four fertilization measures, including without applying any fertilizers (CK0), 75 kg/hm2 urea + 150 kg/hm2 NH4H2PO4(NP), 1500 kg/hm2 organic manure (OM) and 37.5 kg/hm2 urea + 75 kg/hm2 NH4H2PO4 + 750 kg/hm2 organic manure (NP + OM), and four common vetch mixture levels with 0 kg/hm2, 45 kg/hm2, 60 kg/hm2and 75 kg/hm2. Different organ biomass of oats and common vetch were measured at the jointing, heading, flowering and milk stages of oats respectively.
    ResultsThe aboveground biomass allocation of the oat artificial grassland was the highest under the fertilization of 37.5 kg/hm2 urea + 75 kg/hm2 NH4H2PO3 + 750 kg/hm2 organic manure (NP + OM) (84.91%) with theA. sativa cv. Qingyan No.1 (85.57%) without common vetch mixing (85.81%), while the underground biomass allocation was the highest under the common vetch mixture level 30 kg/hm2 (16.29%) with theA. sativa cv. Lena (18.04%) without fertilization (16.02%). The ranges of the biomass allocation rates of stems, leaves, ears and roots were 44%–48%, 19%–24%, 17%–22% and 14%–18% respectively. The biomass allocation rates were changed with the growth stages: increasing, decreasing at the beginning and increasing later, increasing, and decreasing for stem, leaf, ear and root respectively. Under the influence of various factors, it was the oat’s leaves that played a dominant role in the early growing period, and the stems took place in the mid-late period. The common vetch’s root biomass, on the contrary, was leading at the beginning and its leaves took place in the mid-late period. Obviously, the biomass allocation of the oats played a significant role in the whole growing process. Meanwhile, there was a relationship defined as the allometric growth relationship, in other words, the aboveground biomass was always higher than the underground biomass in the whole growth period. The stem and root biomass allocation at the early and late growth stages were affected by the fertilization and variety separately, while the level of mixed sowing in the whole growth period affected the leaf growth, and the fertilization and the mixture level mainly influenced the ear biomass allocation.
    Conclusions It was variety, fertilization and the common vetch mixture level that significantly affected the biomass allocation in the alpine region. The highest aboveground biomass allocation was under the fertilization of 37.5 kg/hm2 urea + 75 kg/hm2 NH4H2PO3 + 750 kg/hm2 organic manure with theA. sativa cv. Qingyan No.1 without common vetch, and the highest belowground biomass allocation was the treatment without fertilization with theA. sativa L. cv. Lena mixed with common vetch of 30 kg/hm2.

     

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